
^JJttM 



Book._.. 
Copyright N?_ 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS 



AN EXPLANATORY STATEMENT AND GUIDE 
FOR CIJENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN 



U. S. and Foreign Patents 

TRADE MARKS, COPYRIGHTS AND 
SIMILAR EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGES 



BY 

WM. H. BABCOCK & SON 

802 F Street. N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



washington, d. c. 

Beresford, Printer, 605 f st. 

1914 






Copyright 1914 

WM. H. BABCOCK & SON 

Author and Proprietor 



MAR 26 1314 



©CI.A371087 



THIS BOOK WILL BE FOUND TO 
BE SHORT ON PICTURES, BUT 
LONG ON INFORMATION— ITS 
REAL OBJECT. IT HAS BEEN 
COMPILED WITH THE SINCERE 
BELIEF AND DESIRE THAT IT 
MAY PROVE OF USE AND VALUE 
TO INVENTORS AND OTHERS 
INTERESTED IN PATENT MAT- 
TERS. 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Abandoned application, Revival of 27 

Advantages of Washington Attorney 9 

Advantages of Trade-Mark Registration 22 

Agreements for Assignment of Patents 45 

Application, The 16 

Application, what may be included in 19 

Applying, after Foreign Application 20 

Application for Trade-Mark consists of 23 

Application, Course and Treatment of 28 

Appeals 29 

Argentine Republic 50 

Art Searches 37 

Arbitration, in Interference Practice, Canada 39 

Assignment of Patents 21 and 45 

Assignments of Trade-Marks 44 

Australia 50 

Austria 50 

Be your own Salesman 46 

Belgium 50 

Bolivia 50 

Brazil 50 

British Guiana 51 

British Honduras 51 

Cancellation of Trade-Marks, U. S 31 

Caveats, U. S 21 

Caveats, Canada 42 

Chili 51 

Correspondence, Record, Value of 10 

Clients, Suggestions to 10 

Conditions to Grant of Patent 15 

Claims, The 18 

Cost of U. S. Patent 20 

Cost of Trade-Mark Registration 23 

Cost of Registering Print or Label 24 

Copyrights 24 

Course to be Followed 12 

Canadian Patents 24 

Compulsory License, Canada 43 



VI INDEX. 

PAGE 

Copies of U. S. Patents 43 

Colombia 51 

Costa Rica 51 

Cuba 51 

Drawings, The 18 

Denmark 51 

Design Patents, U. S 21 

Duration of U. S. Trade-Mark Protection . . 23 

Denmark 51 

Duration of Trade-Mark Protection 23 

Ecuador 51 

Extension of Time for Importation and Manufacture, 

Canada 40 

Finland 51 

Foreign Application, Applying after 20 

Foreign Applicant for Trade-Mark Registration 23 

Forfeited Cases, Renewal of 26 

Foreign Patents, Cost of 49 

Foreign Representatives and Policy, Our 49 

Foreign Patents, Data as to Countries 50 

France and Colonies 51 

Generosity to Foreigners 47 

Germany 52 

Great Britain 52 

Guatemala 52 

Holland 52 

Honduras 52 

Importation into Canada 40 

Importation into Canada, Extension of Time for. 40 

Interferences, U. S. Patents 30 

Interferences, U. S. Trade-Marks 31 

Infringement Suits , '.'. 32 

Infringement Searches ... 35 

Information, General Searches 37 

Industrial Designs, Canada 41 

India . . , 52 

Italy 52 

Jamaica 53 

Japan 53 



INDEX. Vll 

PAGE 

Letters of Appreciation 63 

Letters from Lawyers 66 

Letters from Manufacturers 71 

Letters from Other Inventors and Clients 80 

Manufacture in Canada, Extension 40 

Manufacture it 46 

Mexico 53 

Models 19 

New Zealand 53 

Nicaragua 53 

Notice of Intention to Apply in Canada 38 

Norway 53 

Objects of Trade-Mark Registration 22 

Our Qualifications and Policy 59 

Oppositions, U. S. Trade-Marks 31 

Panama 53 

Patents, Conditions to Grant of 15 

"Patent Pending" or "Patent Applied for" 42 

Patented Articles, Marking 43 

Patent Salesman 46 

Peru 54 

Portugal 54 

Prints and Labels '. 24 

Prosecution of Rejected U. S, and Canada Cases 25 

Preliminary Searches 34 

Reward, The Inventor's 13 

Rejected Cases, Prosecution of 25 

Renewal of Forfeited Applications 26 

Revival of Abandoned U. S. Applications 27 

Revival of Abandoned Applications, Canada 39 

Reissues of U. S. Patents 71 

Reissues, Canada 39 

Rejected Applications (Canada), Prosecution of 39 

Roumania 54 

Russia 54 

Salvador 54 

Santo Domingo 54 

Searches 34 

Searches in Arts Generally 37 

Secret use 47 

Spain 54 

Specification, The 17 



VU1 INDEX. 

PAGE 

Suggestions to Clients 10 

Sweden 55 

Trade-Marks, U. S 22 

Trade-Mark Application, U. S., Consists of 23 

Trade-Marks, Canada 41 

Trade-Marks, Notice of Registration 44 

Time Required to Obtain U. S. Patents 42 

Title Searches 35 

United States Patent, What it is 14 

Uruguay 55 

Validity Searches 35 

Venezuela 55 

Warning as to Unsafe and Delusive Methods 55 

Washington Attorney's Advantages 9 

What is my Invention Worth 45 

When Application May be Made 48 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 



A WASHINGTON ATTORNEY'S ADVANTAGES 

lie in the fact that he can avoid loss of time in the mails in 
correspondence. Sometimes more than a week is consumed 
each way, whereas a Washington attorney often receives the 
Office letter the day it is written and may promptly amend 
the case, without delay in the mails. Saving of time means 
a saving of money, a profit. 

Our chief advantages however, are, first, that we may, when 
it seems wise, go across the street and see an Examiner in a 
particular case and orally point out to him briefly and con- 
cisely the distinctions between the elements of the claims and 
the references cited, at the same time getting more fully his 
point of view, and then make alterations, if desirable, to 
meet it, thus greatly expediting the matter, without any 
traveling expenses or charge to the client for time spent in 
traveling; second, we are enabled by a walk across the street, 
to make our own preliminary, title, validity, &c, searches, not 
delegating this to others, who might prove incompetent or 
unscruplous. 

These advantages are well recognized by out-of-town patent 
attorneys and patent law firms, many of whom have their 
Washington representative or associate to whom they dele- 
gate most of their searching and much of their prosecution 
work, appeals, interferences and work of like nature. In fact 
we act as Washington associates for quite a number of such 
firms and attorneys. 

In view of these advantages of the Washington attorney 
it would seem wisest, cheapest, most expeditious and by far 
the safest course to entrust your case in the first instance to a 
good, reliable Washington patent law firm rather than to some 
attorney out of Washington who would have to delegate the 
searching to a Washington associate, and very often the prose- 



io BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

cution of the case. It is not uncommon that they delegate 
everything, the searching, preparation and prosecution of the 
application to their Washington associate. 

THE VALUE OF A CORRESPONDENCE RECORD. 

Rule 4 of the Patent Office Rules of Practice states that 
" The personal attendance of applicants is unnecessary. Their 
business can be transacted by correspondence." This rule has 
worked to the utmost satisfaction. Similarly, we have found 
it to work as well with our out-of-town clients to whom we 
have rendered the same services for many years with as good 
results as to our local clients. 

Also, it should be noted that a correspondence system estab- 
lishes a record, so that in case of contest, &c, the early letters, 
sketches, descriptions, &c, in regard to any particular inven- 
tion will prove of prime importance in establishing the earliest 
date of conception and reduction to practice, and in this way 
of vital value, in many cases, to the client. 

OUR POLICY. 

We do not advise a man to patent everything that he may 
possibly invent, for some inventions are such small improve- 
ments and of so little value that they would not be worth the 
cost of patenting. However, we do advise everyone who has 
made an invention to which he attaches importance or thinks 
it likely to pay him to patent it at once, thus, as far as pos- 
sible, preventing somebody else from cutting in ahead of him. 

If some one else does get in ahead, the real inventor will 
not only lose his rights, BUT the first party will be able to 
sue the inventor and get damages from him if the inventor 
uses the invention ! The only way that the inventor could 
prevent this would be by a long and costly legal pro- 
ceeding — and the outcome would be doubtful, with the odds 
against him. 

SUGGESTIONS TO CLIENTS. 

1. Act promptly in all matters pertaining to inventions, 
trade-marks or other similar privileges to which you attach 
importance. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 1 1 

2. In writing, no matter how often, please be sure to give 
your full first name, your residence and Post Office address ; 
also enclose stamp for reply and refer to the last business 
with us, so that we may please you instantly. All corre- 
spondence is in the name of the firm WM. H. BABCOCK & 
SON. Please address your letters accordingly. 

3. In sending instructions send the proper remittance called 
for, in the form of bank-drafts, money orders, checks, &c, 
payable to WM. H. BABCOCK & SON. 

4. Whenever you think we have not treated you fairly we 
should appreciate it if you would write us fully and explain 
it. It is to our interest to satisfy you and our aim to do so. 

5. All business is, of course, strictly confidential. We can- 
not tell one client about another client's business without 
written authority from the latter. 

6. As soon as the case is filed in the Patent Office the 
applicant is protected against the grant, without his knowl- 
edge, of a patent for the same thing to another person. 

7. Anyone may obtain a patent. 

8. A United States patent is granted for 17 years and it 
remains in full force and effect for that period, whether 
worked or not. 

9. A sole inventor cannot apply jointly with his financial 
backer or partner, but the latter may be protected by an 
assignment recorded simultaneously with the filing of the 
application. Likewise, joint inventors cannot apply separately. 

10. Postage and expressage on all models, &c, must be 
prepaid. 

11. Models, sketches and correspondence relating to the 
invention should be preserved. They become of vital im- 
portance in case of interference. Fix the date on them. Have 
your picture taken with the model and dated. It is important 
to have evidence to prove the earliest date of conception. 

12. After an application has once been filed, nothing, not 
shown in the drawings or described in the specification there- 
of, can be added. The Patent Office absolutely will not 
permit amendments of this nature to be made at any stage 
of the case. 

13. In sending model, sketch or photographs of your in- 



12 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

vention please accompany the same by a good, clear and full 
description (see preliminary searches). This will greatly ex- 
pedite matters and save unnecessary correspondence. 

14. Please carefully read over all application papers before 
executing them. 

15. A careful reading of this pamphlet will save time and 
much correspondence— and we will not have to repeat in a 
lettter information clearly and concisely set forth herein. 

COURSE TO BE FOLLOWED. 

After you have completed your invention send us the data 
for a preliminary search, together with the remittance of 
$5.00 (see preliminary searches). 

If this shows the device to be new you should then instruct 
us, sending the required remittance, to prepare the applica- 
tion papers. If such search should show the device to be 
old the copies of patents sent may suggest some alterations 
or modifications that may avoid them. After such alterations 
and modifications have been made the device should be re- 
searched, sending the necessary remittance and data. Should 
this prove to be new the course then would be to instruct us 
to prepare the papers, as above. 

After we have prepared these papers we will forward them 
for execution, with instructions. After execution they are to 
be returned to us for filing, together with a remittance of the 
balance of all fees, excepting the final government fee, which 
may be paid after allowance. 

In the usual simple case of 1 sheet of drawings and 1,000 
words of specification matter, &c, the amount to be paid 
before filing is $50, including the first government fee, the 
drawing and our fee for preparing the application. 

After using a trade-mark on goods in interstate commerce 
you should send us a specimen, with statement of exact goods 
used on, and remittance of $5.00 (see preliminary searches), 
instructing us to make a search to see if it has been pre- 
empted by another, before you go to the expense of applying 
for registration. 

A preliminary search is generally not desirable in print, 
label and copyright cases. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 13 

Should you after receiving our report and copies of the 
nearest references found, decide to proceed with the U. S. 
application it would seem wise to consider foreign applica- 
tions at the same time, especially Canada, for the sooner your 
application is filed in each country the safer are your interests 
therein. 

The reason we suggest Canada especially is that it is set- 
tled by much the same race of people, the same language is 
spoken, it is a next-door neighbor and very accessible, their 
problems are much the same as ours, many people from the 
States have gone to all parts of Canada and are engaged in 
the various manufacturing arts, industries and professions ; 
many large corporations, &c, of the U. S. have established 
branches in Canada; there are a number of large and growing 
cities, and the people generally are much the same as here, 
wide-awake, aggressive and energetic, ready to take up any- 
thing new that holds out a promise of a reasonable profit. 

These conditions have long been recognized by U. S. in- 
ventors, as will appear from the fact that for the last twenty 
years or more over 70 per cent, of the Canadian patents have 
been granted to U. S. inventors. 

Because of the rapid growth of Canada and the large in- 
crease in its population, industries, &c, of late years, and in 
view of the fact that the rate of growth of the population, 
industries, branches of U. S. concerns, &c, increases steadily 
with each year, the reasons for obtaining patent protection in 
Canada are much greater than in former years, and Canadian 
patents should now be almost equal in value to the corre- 
sponding U. S. patents. 

THE INVENTOR'S REWARD. 

A patent is a monopoly granted by a government for a 
limited time to make, use and sell an invention; in most for- 
eign countries with the condition that it be worked within a 
certain period and that certain annual fees be paid. 

A monopoly is usually considered antagonistic to the public 
welfare, and so there must be some strong reason for it. 
If no protection of inventions were granted, as soon as a 



14 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

meritorious and highly valuable invention were made, anyone 
could use it. Thus there would be no inducement to inventors 
and the industries and civilization would suffer accordingly, 
having none of the comforts and conveniences, and none of 
the time, money and labor-saving devices that are now so 
common in all industries and walks of life. 

To stimulate invention, therefore, it became necessary to 
provide some reward for the inventor, and none is so fair, 
elastic and automatically adjustable to all cases as the patent 
monopoly for a limited period, whether the invention be very 
valuable or one of little importance ; for if it be very valuable 
there will be a public demand for it, a large market, and the 
inventor may either derive his compensation by making a very 
large profit on each article, or by making a small profit on 
each article and selling them in great numbers. Thus the 
reward or profit may always be in proportion to the im- 
portance of the invention or improvement. 

UNITED STATES PATENT— WHAT IT IS. 

A United States patent is a monopoly granted for 17 years, 
giving the right, subject to prior patents and the state of the 
art, to make, use and sell the invention and to prevent any 
other person from making, using or selling the invention, or 
any such modification thereof as comes within the scope of 
the claims, within the United States. 

They are granted under the authority of the Federal Consti- 
tution : Art. I, Sec. 8, " The Congress shall have power to 
promote the progress of Science and the Useful Arts by 
securing for limited times to Authors and Inventors the 
Exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." 

The sole object of all patent laws enacted by the Congress 
of the United States under this Constitutional provision has 
been to encourage invention by the means therein mentioned. 

The prime condition to the grant of a patent is that the 
device must be new and useful. To determine this the in- 
ventor should have a Preliminary Search made by us before 
proceeding with his patent application, thus saving the expense 
thereof, if it should prove to be old. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 1 5 

A patent may be obtained for a new article of manufacture, 
a machine, a composition of matter or a process of manu- 
facturing, &c. 

Many inventions are patented in which are shown structures 
closely resembling previous known devices, and such patents 
are sustained as valid. The reason is apparent. If the old 
device is not perfect in construction and operation there is 
room for improvement, and slight changes often bring suc- 
cess out of failure; and no matter how slight may be the 
apparent difference, if it really exists it is proper subject- 
matter for a patent. 

The " exclusive right," that is, the right to prevent others 
from making, using or selling the invention, is to be enforced 
by a suit in the Federal District Courts, when infringed, and 
is appealable therefrom to the proper Circuit Court of Ap- 
peals and in rare instances may reach the U. S. Supreme 
Court. Such a suit is known as an infringement suit. 

A U. S. patent may be worked or not, as desired, without 
penalty. Many of our clients have found that by certain new 
machines they have constructed they can reduce the cost of 
production of their specialty and have made only a few of 
these machines for use in their factories. This is perfectly 
legitimate and a common and well-known manner in which to 
gain reward for the patent. It is evident that by such course 
they can sell their product at a reduction, that is, undersell 
their competitors, and still make their old profit on each article 
and at the same time increase their number of sales, thus 
getting ample compensation for their initiative and inventive 
skill. 

CONDITIONS TO GRANT OF PATENT. 

In addition to the condition that the device must be New 
and Useful it is also required that it must, of course, be 
Operative, and that the inventor must file in the Patent Office 
an application in writing clearly disclosing the invention and 
the manner and process of making, constructing, compound- 
ing and using it; in such full, clear, concise and exact terms 
as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which 
it appertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to 



16 BABCOCK'S BQOK FOR INVENTORS. 

make, construct, compound, and use the same ; and in the case 
of a machine the principle and the best mode in which it is 
contemplated to apply that principle shall be explained, so as 
to distinguish it from other inventions ; and the applicant shall 
PARTICULARLY POINT OUT AND DISTINCTLY 
CLAIM THE PART, IMPROVEMENT, OR COMBINA- 
TION WHICH HE CLAIMS AS HIS INVENTION OR 
DISCOVERY. Where admissible the applicant shall accom- 
pany this by a drawing illustrating the invention so applied, 
and in all cases the applicant must append an oath or affirma- 
tion setting forth, among other matters, that he invented the 
device so set forth and claimed. These papers must be accom- 
panied by the first government fee, $15 at present. 

The reason for such disclosure is obvious. The grant of the 
patent is for a limited time. After the expiration of such 
period the invention becomes the property of the public, and 
it is essential that any person skilled in the art may be able, 
from such description, to make and use the subject-matter 
thereof. Otherwise the public would gain nothing, and the 
object of the patent laws, and the Constitutional provision 
under which they were enacted would be defeated. Therefore, 
unless the description, hereinafter given its technical name 
" specification," is so clear and concise as to admit of this 
the patent will be void. 

THE APPLICATION. 

Is composed of a petition, the specification, touched on 
above, the claims, an oath, a drawing where the nature of 
the case will permit, and the first government fee, all men- 
tioned above. 

As soon as the application is filed, provided it is complete 
in every essential, it constitutes a constructive reduction to 
practice. This is of great importance in case someone else 
is trying to get a patent for the same thing at about the same 
time. 

By reason of the fact that no matter not shown or de- 
scribed in the application as originally filed can thereafter 
be added, it is apparent that the application as filed will 
determine the greatest breadth to which the patent can be con- 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 17 

strued. Considering this, it is apparent that the preparation 
of the specification, claims and drawing are matters of vital 
importance to the inventor, as upon them the patent must 
stand or fall. To show the importance of these parts of the 
application we shall briefly describe each. 

A. — THE SPECIFICATION. 

The specification is the KEY-Stone of the patent, for on it 
the remaining portions must rest for support. This speci- 
fication, as stated under CONDITIONS TO GRANT OF 
PATENT, must be so clear and concise as to enable anyone 
skilled in the art to which the invention appertains to make 
and use the same. 

If by reason of unskillful preparation, ambiguous wording, 
insufficiency of description, &c, due to lack of experience in 
patent matters, hurry or indifference, the specification be so 
vague that this cannot be done after the patent has expired 
it would be impossible to determine the value or scope of the 
claims and the patent would fall completely. 

The preparation of the specification is therefore of vital 
importance and should be prepared only by one with a high 
degree of training in this specialty and with the desire to 
give the best that is in him. It appears easy to describe an 
invention, yet a large number of patents are declared void by 
reason of a faulty specification. 

The ablest legal practitioners having no special acquaintance 
with patents do not attempt to prepare a specification. They 
tacitly admit their inability in patent matters, though they 
be authorities on other legal matters. 

We receive and prepare patent applications from many 
such attorneys, who desire to protect their client's interests 
and entrust us with the preparation of the papers, &c. 

The Patent Office recognizes the importance of care in 
preparing the application and advises all applicants and in- 
ventors not familiar with patent matters to employ competent 
counsel, and before anyone can be admitted to practice before 
the Patent Office as an attorney he must satisfy the require- 
ments of the Office, when he will be entered on the Roster 
of Attorneys and given a registration number. No one, not 
2 



18 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

so registered, can act before the Patent Office. as an attorney 
for any inventor. 

B. — THE CLAIMS. 

The claims are the vital part of the patent. They define 
what the inventor claims as his invention, and no claim will 
be infringed by any device which does not have all the ele- 
ments or equivalents called for therein. Thus, it is apparent 
that the fewer elements a claim has, the broader will be its 
scope, and thus the protection secured by it against imitators, 
&c, will be greater. For instance, a claim describing the 
invention in every minor detail — " a picture claim" — is of no 
real value in the way of protection, except in very highly 
developed arts, because it is very easily avoided by modifying 
the construction in minor details and yet the results obtained 
will be as good or better. 

The claims must each be complete in itself and must de- 
scribe an operative device. Where any doubt as to meaning 
arises the specification is to be referred to to determine the 
exact meaning and the claim is to be construed in accordance 
therewith. 

However, a claim can never, in construing it in relation to 
the specification or otherwise, be given a broader meaning 
than is found within its exact wording, though a claim may, 
by reason of the prior art, &c, be restricted. The reason is 
obvious : in the first instance it is sought to extend the right 
granted, thus encroaching on the right of the public, while in 
the latter case some of the right claimed is abandoned to the 
public. 

What has been said as to care in regard to the preparation 
of the specification applies with much greater force with re- 
gard to the drawing of the claims. It has been often said 
that it requires over five years' very thorough experience to 
draw a satisfactory claim. 

C.—THE DRAWINGS 

The drawings form an important part of the application 
and patent in article, machine, &c, patents and in composi- 
tion and process patents where the invention is capable of 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 19 

illustration, for they must show very clearly and " rapidly" 
the construction of the invention in the best contemplated 
mode of applying the same and its operation. The drawing, 
as a general rule, must be so clear that the invention can be 
understood therefrom, without reference to the specification. 
In addition to this it must be made in India ink, on a cer- 
tain sized sheet of Bristol board with a certain sized " sight," 
leaving a space at the top for the heading, and it must be 
shaded in accordance with the requirements of the Office. The 
views of the drawing must be of such size as to clearly show 
the construction and must be so taken as to clearly show the 
construction and operation with the least number of such 
views. 

In view of the requirements and the purpose of the draw- 
ings, it takes an artist skilled in this particular branch of 
drafting to make a satisfactory drawing, and the Office recog- 
nizes this in advising applicants " to employ competent artists 
to make their drawings." 

We use the utmost care in selecting our draftsmen and 
employ only those who we know are competent to deal fully 
and artistically with the matter in consideration. 

MODELS. 

Are not now required by the Patent Office unless specifi- 
cally called for by the Examiner during the pendency of the 
application. As a matter of fact we find that they are re- 
quired in very few cases indeed, though in many cases it is 
an advantage to have them to show and explain to the Ex- 
aminer, even though not required by him, in case any hitch 
arise. However, unless already constructed, they may well 
wait until we request them. 

WHAT MAY BE INCLUDED IN AN APPLICATION. 

Only one invention may be protected in an application, 
excepting where- the operation (o£ the one invention is de- 
pendent on the operation of another. Thus, if the inventions 
are capable of use separately they must be embodied in sepa- 
rate applications, likewise the preferred form of an invention 



20 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

and a modified form cannot both be claimed specifically in 
the one application, though the preferred form may be claimed 
specifically and the modified form may be covered by the gen- 
eral terms of another claim, provided, of course, that the 
state of the art is such that it will permit of the use of such 
general or broad terms in the latter claims. As a general 
rule, however, where much importance is attached to the 
modified form it is wise to file an application for, and to 
thus specifically protect, it also. 

THE COST OF A U. S. PATENT. 

The first government fee in every case is $15, payable on 
filing, and the final government fee, payable any time within 
six months after allowance, is $20. Our fee for preparing 
the application papers, including 1 sheet of drawing and 
1,000 words of specification and claim matter is $30. For 
every additional sheet of drawing the charge ranges from $5 
to $15, depending on the work involved and for any excess 
over the 1,000 words we charge at the rate of 50 cents per 
100 words. Of course in those rare, but highly complex, in- 
ventions the question of time would have to enter more defi- 
nitely into the equation and the charge would have to be 
greater, but in the majority of cases the above definite rates 
would apply. 

In paying in the final fee we make a slight charge of $1 
for our time and trouble in filling out the blanks, postage, &c. 

Our fee covers the preparation and filing of the application 
and the adjustment of technical difficulties that may arise in 
the Patent Office, but not the prosecution of an application 
rejected on prior patents or other anticipations. 

APPLYING AFTER FOREIGN APPLICATION. 

A foreign patent granted on an application filed more than 
twelve months before the U. S. application will be an abso- 
lute bar to the grant of a U. S. patent. But a patent may be 
granted where the U. S. application is filed within twelve 
months from the filing of the first foreign application, or on 
an application filed thereafter, provided no foreign application, 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 21 

filed more than twelve months before the U. S. application, 
matures in patent before the grant of the U. S. patent. 

ASSIGNMENT OF PATENTS. 

An assignment is a deed or other writing transferring the 
entire title or an undivided part interest. A grant is a like 
document of transfer confined to some specified portion of 
the United States. Whatever relates to rights under a patent 
and is not an assignment or grant is a license, in a broad 
sense, as judicially defined. Our minimum charge for an 
assignment or grant, which should always be prepared with 
great care, is $5, including the government record fee. Charges 
for licenses, agreements and like documents depend largely on 
the time employed. 

U. S. DESIGN PATENTS 

are granted under the same authority as the mechanical, com- 
position, and process patents, for any new and ornamental 
design to be used on any article of manufacture, the term of 
patent being either 3>2 years, 7 years or 14 years, as first 
selected, but neither of the two first mentioned terms can be 
extended to the full term after the allowance, though they 
can before such action, on paying in the difference in gov- 
ernment fees. 

Our fee, including the government fee and drawing is : 

For S l /2 year design patent, $40 
For 7 year design patent, $45 
For 14 year design patent, $60 

in each instance $20 to be remitted with instructions, the 
balance to be sent before filing. There is NO final fee. 

A preliminary search is desirable in this for the same rea- 
sons as in mechanical, &c, inventions, our charge in each 
instance being $5, and we should need a good, clear showing 
of the design. 

CAVEATS 

have been found of doubtful value in the United States and 
were abolished by Act of July 1, 1910. 



22 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

U. S. TRADE-MARKS. 

The law of February 20th, 1905, and subsequent amend- 
ments thereto, govern at present as to the registration of trade- 
marks in the United States Patent Office. This law was en- 
acted in pursuance of the Constitutional provision giving Con- 
gress the power (Art. I, Sec. 8) " To regulate commerce with 
foreign nations, among the several States and with the Indian 
tribes." 

In addition to the conditions set forth in this provision he 
must be the first user who has not abandoned it ; and the mark 
itself must not be either directly or indirectly descriptive, or 
geographical, or the flag or coat of arms of the United States, 
any State, or foreign nation; or the emblem or insignia of 
any fraternal organization or association. These inhibitions 
are qualified by the exception that any mark used exclusively 
for ten years preceding Feb. 20, 1905, by the applicant or his 
predecessors from whom title is derived, in commerce among 
the several States, with the Indian tribes, or with foreign 
nations, may be registered. 

OBJECTS. 

The main objects are to encourage legitimate merchants 
and others and to enable them to be known by their deeds 
and build up a large business, having their goods identified 
by their mark, and to prevent others from pirating their 
marks, from making inferior goods and trading on the legiti- 
mate merchants' reputation to the great damage of the latter, 
and to prevent the practice of fraud and deceit on the public. 
Thus the law has both the interests of the merchant or manu- 
facturer and of the public in view. 

ADVANTAGES. 

The chief advantages are that such registration enables the 
proprietor to sue an infringer in the Federal Courts and 
have him enjoined; that after an injunction has been granted 
it may be enforced by proceedings for contempt in any Fed- 
eral Court of the United States, avoiding a separate infringe- 
ment suit and the heavy cost thereof in each jurisdiction, as 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 23 

in patent causes, should the infringer persist in his course. 
Other advantages are that the registration operates as prima- 
facie evidence of ownership; that the proprietor may recover 
profits and damages for such infringement; and that in prov- 
ing profits it shall be sufficient to prove the sales, the de- 
fendant being under the burden of showing the items of cost. 

FOREIGN APPLICANT. 

Where an applicant resides abroad he must first have reg- 
istered the mark in the country in which he resides, unless 
he has an establishment in the United States for manufactur- 
ing the articles on which the mark is used. 

THE APPLICATION CONSISTS OF 

a petition, statement, declaration, five specimen labels as actu- 
ally used and the government fee. 

DURATION. 

A trade-mark certificate of registration has a life of 20 
years and may be renewed for an innumerable number of 
further terms of 20 years each. 

COST. 

Our charge for preparing and prosecuting a trade-mark 
application is $30, including the government fee, $10, and the 
drawing. This includes all prosecution before the Primary 
Examiner. There is NO final fee. 

Of this total of $30 a remittance of $20 should accompany 
your instructions, the remaining $10 to come with the papers 
when returned for filing after execution. 

In this also it would be well to have a preliminary examina- 
tion made to determine whether the mark has been pre- 
empted by another for the same class of goods. Our charge 
for such a search is $5, to accompany your instructions. In 
ordering this search it would be wisest to send us a specimen 
label. • 



24 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

PRINTS AND LABELS 

are authorized by the Copyright Law of June 18th, 1874, en- 
acted under the provisions of Art. I, Sec. 8, of the Federal 
Constitution. 

A print is used for advertising purposes, such as newspaper 
advertisements, letter-heads, &c, but not upon the goods ; a 
label is used upon the goods. Both must have an artistic 
value and may be descriptive, but they must not be trade- 
marks. A print or label protects the general design, &c, 
but does not protect the wording. The same design may be 
registered both as a print and a label in separate applications. 

Both are copyrighted for a period of 28 years, which may 
be extended for a further term of 28 years. 

COST. 

Our charge, including the government fee, is $18 for each, 
to accompany your instructions. We should need 8 speci- 
mens of the print or label. 

COPYRIGHTS 

are granted under the Constitutional provision quoted with 
respect to patents and at present must meet the requirements 
of the Copyright Act of July 1st, 1909, enacted in pursuance 
of such, provision. They protect any publication, manuscript, 
musical, &c, production, work of art, &c, for a period of 
28 years from being copied without license. This term may 
be extended for a further term of 28 years. 

Any citizen of the U. S. or citizen or subject of a foreign 
power granting U. S. citizens similar privileges may apply. 
Any infringement must be a copy of the thing itself. A copy- 
right protects all pictures, &c, shown in a book, but they must 
be themselves copied to infringe. A copy of the original 
from which they are made is no infringement. Where a work 
is considered of any value at all it should be copyrighted to 
prevent copying and competition. 

Our charge for a copyright, including the government fee, 
is $10, which should accompany your instructions. Also, we 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 25 

should need two copies of the work for the Library of Con- 
gress and one for our records. 

In printing a book intended to be copyrighted " copyright" 
with the year to the right, as " copyright 1910," with the name 
of the proprietor thereunder, should be printed on the inside 
of the cover or fly-leaf. The work should then be immedi- 
ately copyrighted, in accordance with such notice and the law. 

PROSECUTION OF REJECTED CASES U. S. AND 

CANADA. 

It sometimes happens that an inventor will prepare and file 
his own patent application and attempt to prosecute it before 
the Patent Office — a very risky course for one not very fa- 
miliar with patent matters for the reasons fully set forth else- 
where in this booklet. Almost universally in such cases the 
Office in acting for the first time on the case holds the speci- 
fication informal as not being on the right size of paper, not 
having sufficient margin, not being in permanent ink. Then 
the drawings are generally objected to as not meeting the very 
numerous requirements of the Office. These are the more 
technical objections. In addition to these the specifications so 
prepared are often vague, and of course the claims are open 
to objection as being informal for any one of a number of 
reasons, which the average inventor would not anticipate, 
such as being for an aggregation, each claim not being com- 
plete in itself, claiming an inoperative device, &c. 

Should the inventor possibly work his way through this 
mass of formality he then is confronted with the task of 
prosecuting his case on its merits, and is practically certain 
to run afoul here, going to either one extreme or the other, 
being either discouraged by the Office action on the claims or 
else maintaining that the references cited do not in any man- 
ner approach his invention. This will often happen also with 
the inexperienced and incompetent attorney. 

It takes an attorney with a great deal of skill, experience 
an knowledge of patent law to know just how to construe a 
claim and the best manner in which to handle the case; point- 
ing out clearly and concisely the reasons why the references 



26 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

do not apply, or, if necessary, amending the claims to avoid 
the references and yet secure all the protection to which the 
inventor is entitled. One lacking this skill and experience is 
very liable to cancel the broader claims, thus abandoning the 
full protection to which the inventor is entitled, retaining only 
the very narrowest claims, which are of very little protection 
and value to his client. 

We make a specialty of this class of cases and have re- 
ceived a number, both from clients who tried to prepare and 
prosecute their own cases and got beyond their depth, and 
from others who employed incompetent counsel. 

Our advice is to give the matter prompt attention and to 
refer it to a competent attorney specializing in patent law, 
before taking any further action after the first Office letter, 
thus leaving the attorney free action, with no final rejection 
barring further amendment. If there is any invention in- 
volved you will, with such aid, usually get all protection to 
which you are entitled without need for appeal. However, 
after final rejection it is in such cases often possible by 
appeal, suggestion of claims, &c, to obtain such protection, 
but this is more expensive, as it involves an appeal to the 
Board of Examiners-in-Chief, and much other work. 

Our charge in cases of this class, where the invention is 
simple and where the case has not been finally rejected, is 
from $20 up, which amount is to accompany your instructions. 

Where the case has been finally rejected we will furnish 
estimate of our fee as the occasion arises. 

RENEWAL OF FORFEITED APPLICATIONS. 

A forfeited application is one upon which a patent has been 
withheld for failure to pay the final fee within six months 
after the date of such allowance. 

When the patent has been withheld for this reason, any 
person having an interest in said invention may at any time 
within two years from the date of such allowance file a 
renewal of the original application. This involves the pay- 
ment of the first government fee, $15, again, as in the first 
instance. The application will then be subject to re-examina- 
tion and allowance, after which the final fee, $20 (with $1 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 27 

to us for paying it in, &c, making a total of $21), will be 
due within six months, as in the original case. Most of these 
renewal cases are allowed almost as a matter of course, 
though in rare instances they are rejected. 

Our fee in such cases is $20, with the first government fee of 
$15, making a total of $35, which should accompany your 
instructions. 

REVIVAL OF ABANDONED APPLICATIONS. 

The statute provides that the application • must be com- 
pleted within one year and that after the application has 
been acted on by the Office the applicant must file a com- 
plete response to such action within one year from the date 
thereof, otherwise the case will be held abandoned, no fur- 
ther action being given by the Office therein. However, the 
Commissioner has the power to revive such cases, if upon 
a proper showing as to the cause of the delay, in his discre- 
tion justice requires it. 

The showing must be very strong and also it must appear 
that this course is the only remedy open to the applicant. All 
statements must be reinforced with affidavits and action look- 
ing to the revival should be taken AT ONCE. 

There is no government fee in such cases. 

Our minimum fee for preparing and filing such petition 
and affidavits and arguing the matter before the Commissioner 
is $50, which should accompany your instructions, together 
with a very full statement of all reasons why the case was 
not prosecuted within the year, 

REISSUES. 

A reissue is granted whenever the original patent is in- 
operative or invalid by reason of insufficient or defective 
specification, provided the error has arisen through inadver- 
tence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent intent. 

It has been decided by U. S. Supreme Court that to warrant 
new or broadened claims in a reissue, such claims must not 
only be indicated in the original application, but it must also 
appear that they constituted a part of the original invention 



28 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

and were sought and intended to be secured by the original 
patent. 

All recent decisions emphasize strongly the necessity of 
careful and skilful preparation and prosecution of the original 
application. Inventors should remember this when tempted 
to employ any attorney whose chief recommendation is that 
he will do the work cheaply or on a contingent basis. Such 
services are the most costly in the end. 

The Patent Office, recognizing the importance of careful and 
skilful preparation and prosecution of all cases, advises in- 
ventors " to employ a competent attorney, as the value of 
patents depends largely upon the skilful preparation of the 
specification and claims." 

The first government fee in reissue cases is $30 on filing. 
Our fee and the other items of cost depend on the work 
involved, which necessarily varies and is to be arranged for 
separately in each case. 

COURSE AND TREATMENT OF AN APPLICATION 
BY THE PATENT OFFICE, THE COPY- 
RIGHT OFFICE, &C. 

After an application is filed, whether it be for a patent, 
trade-mark, print, label, or copyright, either in the Patent 
Office or Copyright Office of this or any foreign country, 
it is taken up in the order of its filing. That is to say, all 
other cases previously filed and awaiting action are acted on 
until yours is reached, when it is acted on. 

In patent applications the Office generally points out in its 
first letters verbal changes, &c, matters of formality, to be 
made in the specification, and rejects some claims or all of 
them, citing prior patents, &c, in support of such rejection. 

To this letter we respond, making such changes as seem de- 
sirable and limiting or recasting the claims in such manner as 
to avoid the references cited and yet retain the broadest scope 
of the claims to which the inventor is entitled. To this re- 
sponse we make it our policy to add an argument concisely 
setting forth in a compelling manner, to the Examiner, the 
distinctions between the claims as so amended or changed, 
and the references. In case we are of the opinion that the 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 29 

claims, as they stand, are not met by the references we request 
reconsideration, instead of making alterations in the claims, 
and append an argument, as above, in support of such request. 

This procedure continues until we have obtained all the 
protection to which we believe the applicant is entitled and 
the case is allowed, or until final rejection. 

Where prior patents or other references are cited and it 
becomes necessary to amend to avoid them and to file an 
argument pointing out why the claims, as amended, avoid the 
references, we always make some charge, depending on the 
time and work so spent. Usually $10 suffices in the simplest 
cases, the more complex cases of course calling for a larger 
amount for the prosecution work. These charges are gener- 
ally made according to the actual time and work spent on 
each amendment as it occurs, but, if desired, we will furnish 
estimate of total charge for all subsequent prosecution of the 
case after the first action has been given. We prefer, however, 
the plan of making the charges according to the time actually 
spent on each amendment, as we can be sure of getting paid 
for all of our time and work and at the same time the client 
will only pay for time and work actually given in his case, 
so that this plan is much fairer to both parties than any other 
plan we know of. 

After a case has been finally rejected the only course left 
is either to appeal to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief (see 
under heading "Appeals") or to drop the application. We 
find in most cases in which there is any real novelty we can 
obtain all the protection to which the inventor is entitled 
without recourse to appeal, but in some instances the Ex- 
aminer cannot or will not see the invention, and then it be- 
comes necessary to appeal. 

APPEALS. 

If the Primary Examiner refuses to allow the application 
or any claim thereof, three distinct appeals are available to 
the applicant : 

First. — An appeal from the Primary Examiner to the Board 
of Examiners-in-Chief, which is composed of three experi- 
enced examiners. This tribunal carefully reviews the record 



3° BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

of the application, and either affirms or reverses the decision 
of the Primary Examiner. 

Second. — If the decision of this Board be adverse, appeal 
may be taken to the Commissioner of Patents in person. 

Third. — From an adverse decision of the Commissioner an 
appeal lies to the Court of Appeals of the District of Co- 
lumbia. The expense of such an appeal, however, is con- 
siderable. 

The cost of these appeals varies with the circumstances of 
each case, $50 sufficing in the usual simple case for the first 
appeal; and $60 for an appeal to the Commissioner. 

In trade-mark applications an appeal may be taken direct 
from the Primary Examiner to the Commissioner in person, 
and the cost of such an appeal will usually be $50. 

As in patent cases, an appeal lies from an adverse decision 
of the Commissioner to the Court of Appeals of the District 
of Columbia, and the expense of such an appeal would be 
about the same as a similar appeal in a patent case. 

INTEEFERENCES. 

A patent interference is a proceeding instituted for the 
purpose of determining the question of priority of invention 
between two or more parties claiming substantially the same 
patentable invention. Although the Commissioner lacks the 
power to cancel a patent, an interference may be declared 
between a patent and a pending application, provided that the 
patent was not granted more than two years prior to the filing 
date of such application. In case the Office finds the appli- 
cant to be the prior inventor it may issue a patent to him for 
the same invention. 

After the declaration of interference each party is re- 
quired to file a sworn preliminary statement setting out when 
he first conceived the invention; first disclosed it to others; 
first made a drawing or model; first made a practical test, 
etc. This statement, later, must be supported by testimony 
to be taken as in suit in equity, and each party is bound by 
the averments in his preliminary statement and cannot go back 
of the earliest date mentioned therein. The case is argued 
by counsel and decided by the Patent Office on argument and 
evidence submitted. The patent is awarded to the first in- 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 3 1 

ventor. Appeal from the Patent Office may be taken to the 
Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. 

Our usual charge for preparing and filing a Preliminary 
Statement is $25. 

Experienced counsel is required for the successful conduct 
of interference cases, as great skill and experience is neces- 
sary. Too much care cannot be taken in the preparation of 
the papers and in handling the case from start to finish. 

We cannot state with certainty the charges and expenses in 
interferences, as they vary with each case ; some may prove 
very light and others very heavy, depending on the interests 
involved, the complexity of the case and the value of the 
invention. Our charges for services in the case are at the 
usual time rates in searches, infringement suits, &c. 

TRADE-MARK INTERFERENCES 

are declared by the Patent Office between two or more appli- 
cants when the marks applied for are thought to interfere, 
to determine which applicant adopted and used the mark 
first. Each party is held strictly to the averments of his 
statement forming part of the application, and these are to be 
supported by evidence as in patent application interferences. 

TRADE-MARK OPPOSITIONS. 

Any person who believes he would be damaged by the 
registration of a mark may oppose the same by filing a notice 
of opposition, stating the grounds therefor, in the Patent 
Office within thirty days after the publication (in the Official 
Gazette) of the mark sought to be registered, which notice 
shall be verified. 

This has the same force and effect as the statement of 
a trade-mark application, and the procedure is the same as 
in interferences. 

APPLICATION TO CANCEL A TRADE-MARK 
REGISTRATION 

may be filed by any person whenever he shall deem himself to 
be injured thereby. Notice is given the registrant, and the 
procedure is much the same as in trade-mark interferences. 
The registration may be canceled whenever it shall appear 



32 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

that the registrant was not entitled to the use of the mark 
at the date of his application, or that the mark is not used 
by the registrant or has been abandoned. 

The charges and expenses in these, as in other interferences, 
cannot be stated with any certainty, as they vary with each 
case, according to the interests involved, the value placed on 
the mark by the parties and the services rendered. 

INFRINGEMENT SUITS, &C. 

Infringement, as that word is used in patent litigation, is 
the making, using or selling of something covered by a valid 
claim or claims of an unexpired patent, and such suits are 
brought by patentees, usually in equity, to enjoin such use, 
sale or manufacture and to recover profits and damages. 

The Patent Office grants you a patent, if you are entitled 
to it, but after that its duty ceases. This patent gives you 
the right to prevent such manufacture, sale and use; in other 
words, establishes the basis for a suit. After the patent is 
granted the right given thereby is to be enforced by suit in 
the proper Federal District Court, and is appealable there- 
from by either side to the proper Circuit Court of Appeals, 
and in rare instances may reach the United States Supreme 
Court. 

Before starting suit, if you have purchased the patent 
from another, the first step is to look up the title and see 
that it is perfect (see under heading "Title Searches"). 
Being satisfied on this point, the next step to be taken is to 
have us make a validity search (see under heading "Infringe- 
ment and Validity Searches") ; if this proves your patent 
sound, the next step is to give the infringer formal notice to 
stop infringement, and if he ignores this the next step is to 
file your bill of complaint requesting an injunction and profits 
and damages. The defendant files his answer to this, and 
evidence is then taken by both sides to uphold the matters 
set forth in the bill and answer respectively. The case then 
goes to trial, the briefs are filed by both sides, and the court 
hears counsel in argument for both sides and renders the 
decision. 

In case you should receive such a notice to stop an alleged 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 33 

infringement you should answer, stating that the matter has 
been referred to your attorneys, and have us make an in- 
fringement search (see under heading " Validity and In- 
fringement Searches"). Should this prove the patent to be 
void, or the claims thereof to be so narrow as not to be 
infringed by your construction, you may generally end the 
matter by sending or having us send the patentee or owner 
of the patent a copy of our report and the references. In 
case a bill of complaint is filed against you, such a search is 
absolutely necessary in order to properly prepare your answer, 
unless you choose to give up making the article in question. 

In all such cases we require a retainer, which varies in 
accordance with the interests involved and the services ren- 
dered. For taking testimony in such cases we charge at the 
rate of $30 per diem, time spent ir traveling included, and, 
of course, all traveling expenses are to be paid. Before 
starting on a trip to take testimony, &c, we expect a re- 
mittance of $100 in advance, and all traveling expenses that 
can be foreseen, the balance to come on receipt of our bill. 

The same charges apply also to other services rendered in 
connection with the case, except that the preparation of a 
bill of complaint is usually $50, though in rare instances this 
may be more, depending on the work involved. 

Infringement suits on trade-marks, copyrights and design 
patents follow much the same lines as the usual patent in- 
fringement suits and involve like expenses. 

For infringement of a design patent the statute provides a 
fixed minimum limit of damages of $250, so success in the 
suit is never without some money returns. 

SEARCHES. 

These are of various kinds, having different objects in 
view, and being known as 1, Preliminary searches; 2, Title 
searches ; 3, Infringement and Validity searches ; and 4, 
General Information or Art searches. 

1. PRELIMINARY SEARCHES. 

The first condition to the grant of a patent is that it must 
be NEW. This can generally be ascertained by a small search 
through the prior U. S. patents in the same general class of 

3 



34 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

the particular invention under consideration. All U. S. pat- 
ents are classified by employes of the Patent Office and open 
to inspection and search in the Search or Attorney's Room 
thereof. These records are about the most complete in the 
world, and a search through them will generally show the 
correct state of the art. After making such a search we 
report to the inventor, with copies of the two or three nearest 
references found, and advise him as to the best course to 
pursue. If it should show the device to be old we advise 
him against applying, thus saving him the expense of the 
first government fee, the drawings and the attorneys' fee. 
On the other hand, should the search show the device to be 
probably patentable, we advise the client accordingly in our 
report. In this case the copies of references, sent may sug- 
gest valuable changes that may be made with advantage. Also, 
in case financial aid is desired a favorable report of such a 
search from us will be of great assistance in securing it. 

The above remarks apply to contemplated patent applica- 
tions everywhere. It is best to have a search, such as de- 
scribed, made first in the U. S. patents already granted, though, 
after such a search has been made for the U. S. application, 
it, of course, is not necessary to have another search made 
on the same device in Canada and other foreign countries. 
The one search will give a pretty good estimate of the art 
in all countries. 

To make such a search we should need a model, good, 
clear sketches, or photographs of the invention in various posi- 
tions and operations, accompanied by a good, full, clear and 
concise description of the device and its various parts, and a 
statement of operation and of the advantages claimed. A 




BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 35 

good way to do is to mark each element or part with a number 
and then refer to it in the description by that number, 
as here shown, using the same number for the same part 
wherever it occurs. 

In the case of a design we should need a good, clear draw- 
ing or photo of the design. 

In the case of trade-marks it is also desirable to have such 
a search made to see whether your mark has already been 
preempted by another for the same class of goods. For this 
we should need a specimen of the labels used and a state- 
ment of what articles it is used on. 

Our charge for such a search in all cases is $5, to accom- 
pany the necessary data and your instructions 

2. TITLE SEARCHES. 

A title search is a search through the assignment records 
of the Patent Office to determine who, on these records, holds 
the title to the patent or invention under consideration. To 
make such a search we should need to know the full name 
of the inventor and date, or, in the case of a patent, the num- 
ber would suffice; but in all cases it is best to give the full 
name, date and number, if possible, to avoid possibility of 
mistake. 

We charge $5 for each patent or application so investi- 
gated, the remittance to accompany your order. 

3. INFRINGEMENT AND VALIDITY SEARCHES. 

It sometimes happens that patents are granted in which all 
the claims are void, or the broader ones are void, or the 
claims are broader than warranted by the showing of the 
prior art, of which the best showing was not found by the 
Patent Office when searching for anticipations or references 
to determine the scope of the protection to which the appli- 
cant was entitled. Sometimes the best references will be 
found in the most unlikely places, and it becomes very diffi- 
cult and takes much time to find them. As a good many 
more than a million patents have been granted by the United 
States alone, and as the United States grants patents at the 
rate of from 800 to 1,000 a week, it will be easily seen what 



36 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

a large field has to be covered. Also, the Office has to con- 
sider the patents of all countries in connection with the ex- 
amination of any case, and where a foreign patent shows the 
elements claimed it will be a sufficient answer. In addition 
to searching up the novelty of invention the Examiner also 
has to examine it critically to see that it is in correct form,, 
that the specification is perfectly clear and that all the re- 
quirements of the law have been complied with. 

In view of the number of patents issued and of the number 
of applications filed and which fail, and in view of the ex- 
amination and searching to be done in each case, it is ap- 
parent that the Patent Office absolutely cannot make an ex- 
haustive search in every case. 

Where a reference, either U. S. or foreign patent or 
publication, can be found that is dated prior to the 
date of the invention on which patent was granted and 
which reference shows all of the elements of the claim or 
claims thereof, or of the broadest claims thereof, such claims 
will be void, and such reference will be a good and complete 
defense to a suit for infringement of them, and, if the 
reference patent be an expired one, the invention covered 
thereby will belong to the public, and anyone may make, use 
and sell it. The same applies if the reference publication be 
more than two years prior to the application. 

Also, it sometimes happens that a construction, which is 
alleged by the patentee to infringe, is shown in some very 
early prior and expired patent. This also will be a complete 
defense to a suit for infringement by such construction, 
without a long argument and controversy as to the exact 
scope of the claims of the complainant's patent, &c. 

In view of these facts it becomes absolutely essential to 
have a thorough search of the U. S. and foreign patents made, 
either when being sued for infringement or when proposing 
to sue another for infringement. In very important cases, it 
may be desirable to search through publications, &c. If the 
search turns up references which show the claims to be void, 
or to be very much narrower in scope than appears on their 
face, they will constitute a good defense, and often, where 
they are clearly exact anticipations, our report and opinion 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 37 

accompanied thereby will end the matter. Of course, where 
one is contemplating suing another and such a search shows 
the claims of the patent relied on to be void or too narrow 
to include the constructions of the fancied infringer, it will 
save the expenses of such a suit, which are heavy. 

Likewise, it is desirable, before paying any large sum in 
the purchase of a patent, or expending any large sum in the 
erection of plants, &c, to manufacture an article under a 
patent to have such a search made to make sure that the 
patent is worth the price in consideration, or that it is wise 
to expend the money in the plants. In other words, before 
going to a large expense in regard to a patent it is desirable 
to first determine as definitely as you can that the patent is 
valid and will stand the grilling fire of litigation. 

Such a search is a much more serious proposition than the 
preliminary search, and usually takes from four to five days' 
steady searching on simple inventions, and on the more com- 
plex cases often run between three weeks and a month. In 
rare instances where the interests involved are large they run 
to much more. 

Our charge for such a search is at the rate of $30 per diem 
for each day or part of a day spent therein, a remittance of 
$75 in advance to accompany your instructions, and the balance 
to come immediately on receipt of our report and bill. 

4. GENERAL INFORMATION OR ART SEARCHES 

are often desired to discover what has actually been done in 
some particular industry, how the by-products of some in- 
dustry may be used to the best advantage and the best means 
therefor, also to discover the most up-to-date and economical 
machinery and apparatus to be used in a particular manu- 
facture. This is the age of the economist, when no by-product 
is to be wasted, and of the efficiency expert, whose office it 
is to get the utmost returns from the least effort and expendi- 
ture of both time, labor and money; hence the importance of 
time, labor and money-saving machinery. We are not effi- 
ciency experts, but a search, such as indicated above, will 
generally yield very valuable information which will many 
times repay you for the expense thereof, and which you may 
yourself apply without further aid. 



38 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

For such a search we charge at the rate of $30 per diem for 
each day or part thereof spent therein, $100 to accompany 
your instructions, the balance to come immediately on receipt 
of our report. In requesting such a search you would want to 
indicate as definitely as possible just what information you 
desire. 

CANADA. 

CANADIAN PATENTS 

are granted for terms of 6, 12 and 18 years, and the two 
former may be extended to the latter on the payment of the 
required government fee. The government fee for the 6-year 
term is $20; for 12 years, $40; and 18 years, $60. The peti- 
tion for extension must be filed before the expiration of the 
6th or 12th year. Our fee for each petition is $5, to accom- 
pany your instructions, the original patent and the government 
fee, as above. Each patent is nominally for 18 years. 

Our fee for preparing the application, &c, is the same as 
in U. S. patent applications — see " Cost," under this heading. 
Thus for the simplest one-sheet case the amount to come 
before filing would be $50, of which $20 should accompany 
your order, the balance to come when returning the papers 
after execution for filing. 

After the U. S. application has been allowed the inventor 
is practically certain of obtaining a corresponding patent in 
Canada, as well as in other countries. The Canadian patent 
may be applied for within one year after the grant of the 
first foreign patent. However, we strongly advise that the 
Canadian and other foreign applications be filed at the same 
time as the U. S., to guard against piracy of the invention 
by parties who see it and consider it of sufficient value to 
warrant them in stealing the foreign rights. Usually the same 
claims obtained in the U. S. will be granted in Canada. 

NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY. 

The law provides that where a man obtains a foreign patent, 
anyone in Canada may make, use and sell the device thus 
disclosed, even after the grant of the Canadian patent, pro- 
vided such manufacture, use and sale is begun before the 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 39 

grant thereof, UNLESS the patentee in the foreign country- 
files his application in Canada, or files NOTICE that he in- 
tends to apply in Canada, before the expiration of THREE 
MONTHS from the granting or sealing of his first foreign 
patent. Our charge for preparing and filing such notice, in- 
cluding the government fee, is $10. 

PROSECUTION OF REJECTED APPLICATIONS — 

CANADA. 

(See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply, 
with a like charge, $20 in advance in simple cases. 

REVIVAL OF ABANDONED APPLICATIONS. 

(See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply. 
Our charge would be, as in the U. S., a minimum of $50, to 
come with your instructions. 

REISSUES. 

(See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply 
and the procedure is identical. As in the U. S., our fee would 
depend on the services to be rendered, &c, estimate being 
furnished as the occasion may arise. However, the govern- 
ment fee is much greater, being $4 for each unexpired year 
of the full 18-year term of the patent. 

ARBITRATION 

in Canada corresponds to the interference in the U. S. Patent 
Office, though the course to be followed is radically different. 

Where two or more applications conflict they are to be 
submitted to the arbitration of three skilled persons, one to 
be chosen by each applicant, the third by the Commissioner; 
their decision, from which no appeal can be taken, is final 
as far as concerns the granting of the patent. 

If either side fails to appoint an arbitrator the patent shall 
be granted to the other party. 

After the arbitrators are appointed they are sworn by a 
judge, and then jointly and severally have the power to sum- 
mon witnesses, take testimony, and gain access to books and 
other documentary evidence. 



40 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

Each applicant is to pay the fees of his own arbitrator, 
to be agreed on beforehand, the fees of the third being borne 
jointly. 

Our fees would be the same for preparing all necessary 
papers, taking evidence, arguing, traveling expenses, &c, 
as in infringement suits and interferences before the U. S. 
Patent Office. 

COMPULSORY LICENSE. 

The Canadian patent must be manufactured or worked 
within two years after the grant thereof and continuously 
thereafter sufficiently to supply the demand, unless put under 
the provisions of the Compulsory License Clause within six 
months after the date of such grant. Over 80 per cent, of 
all patents granted can be put under this provision, thus 
completely avoiding the expense and burden of actual manu- 
facture, otherwise required. Our charge for preparing and 
filing application therefor is $10, to accompany your order. 

IMPORTATION. 

The patented article cannot be imported into Canada beyond 
one year after the patent is granted, without forfeiting the 
patent protection, unless such term is extended before the 
expiration thereof. 

EXTENSION OF TIME EOR IMPORTATION AND 
MANUFACTURE. 

Both the term for manufacturing, 2 years (if not put under 
the Compulsory License Clause), and the term for importation, 
1 year, may, in some cases, before the expiration thereof, be 
extended, the exact length of such extension in either case 
depending on the particular circumstances of each case. The 
maximum extension allowed is 1 year for importation and 2 
years for manufacturing. Heretofore these extensions were 
granted almost as a matter of course for from one to two 
years, and sometimes several such extensions were granted 
in a particular case. There has been objection that this privi- 
lege was being abused, and that only one such extension 
could legally be granted, so within the last few years they 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 41 

have become much more exacting, and a very strong case must 
be made before the extension will be granted. Now it is neces- 
sary to state definite facts to support your petition for such 
extension and to support these facts by your own affidavit 
and as many other affidavits as you can get in corroboration 
thereof, and to reinforce these by arguing the matter orally. 

Our minimum fee for filing such a petition for either ex- 
tension is $50, the fee being regulated in accordance with 
the time taken, expenses, &c. As stated, the showing must 
be very strong in either case, and it is far safer not to rely 
on them, but to make your arrangements well within the 
time definitely allowed by law, thus avoiding all risks and ex- 
penses attendant on such petitions. 

TRADE-MARKS 

are of two classes : General and Specific. 

A General trade-mark is a man's sign in trade, applicable 
to all goods he may handle, and is of indefinite duration. 

A Specific trade-mark is for the mark as used on some 
specific goods, and has a duration of 25 years, which may 
be extended for an indefinite number of similar terms. Where 
a general and specific trade-mark conflict the latter is en- 
titled to registration provided the proprietor of the former 
had not used it on the particular articles in question before 
the specific applicant so applied it, according to a very recent 
decision of the Exchequer Court. 

The Government fee for the general trade-mark registra- 
tion is $30, for the specific $25. Our fee for preparing and 
prosecuting either, including the drawing, is $20, to come 
with your instructions. 

We should need five specimens of the mark as used. 

INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 

correspond to our Design patents and are regis' ered in the 
Department of Agriculture for any new design to the author 
or proprietor for a term of five years, which may be extended 
for from one to five years more. 

Such registration can be obtained only by persons residing 
in Canada. 



42 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

Our charge for such registration, including all government 
fees for five years, and the drawing, will be $25, to come 
with your order. 

CAVEATS 

are granted in Canada to protect an inventor, while completing 
his invention, against piracy, the possibility of an independent 
inventor filing, &c, for one year. They give no right to 
prevent others from making, using or selling the device. Only 
a PATENT will do this. 

We do not urge these caveats, as we do not feel that the 
amount of protection actually given is worth the expense. 

Our charge, including the government fee, 1,000 words and 
one sheet of drawings, is $25, all excess to be charged for 
as in U. S. applications for patent. 

THE TIME REQUIRED TO OBTAIN A PATENT 

cannot be foreseen with any degree of accuracy and it is 
quite impossible to give any reliable estimate thereof. It 
depends on the amount of work in the particular division of 
the Patent Office to which the application is referred. There 
are many divisions and they are more or less in arrears with 
their work, the divisions of the U. S. Patent Office being 43 in 
number at present. 

We are very prompt with the preparation of the necessary 
papers and drawings, all cases being filed at the earliest 
moment. After this the length of pendency rests solely on 
the condition of the work in the particular examining divi- 
sion, for we make it a point to amend promptly after each 
official action and prosecute vigorously, to the end that the 
case may be allowed as early as possible consistent with the 
full protection to which the applicant is entitled. 

In the United States after allowance the final fee must be 
paid within six months. The patent will issue on the fourth 
Tuesday after the first Thursday on or after which it is paid. 

In Canada there is no final fee, hence no necessity for the 
formal notice of allowance, and the patent is therefore granted 
and forwarded on the first Tuesday after it is determined to 
be in proper shape and allowable. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 43 

PATENT PENDING. 

The above brand or " Patent Applied For" is often found 
on articles on the market, and all applicants for patent have 
a right to use one or the other as desired, if they wish to 
introduce their invention before the patent issues. It seems 
desirable, however, in most cases, to let this wait until the 
patent is secured, because of the danger of giving an advan- 
tage to unscrupulous persons. However, it gives yon no 
protection except in so far as it warns others that you have 
applied for a patent. 

The extensive manufacture and disclosure during pendency 
of the application may cause you to lose the right to foreign 
patents thereon, as some one, seeing your invention, may pro- 
ceed to patent it in foreign countries ; for in some countries 
of Europe, the FIRST APPLICANT, whether inventor or 
not, is entitled to the patent. After the patent is granted you 
have plenty of time to introduce your invention and can do 
so with perfect safety. 

MARKING PATENTED ARTICLES. 

In the United States and Canada an article manufactured 
under a patent should be marked with the word Patented, 
followed by the year, for example, " Patented, 1913." 

It is not necessary to, and wisest not to, stamp on the 
article either the number of the patent or the name of the 
inventor. The notice given is sufficient, and if anyone de- 
sires any further information let him go to the expense of 
an investigation ; for such further information is usually de- 
sired only by interests antagonistic to, or in competition with, 
you. 

As to marking in other countries we will supply informa- 
tion as the occasion may arise. 

COST OF COPIES OF PATENTS. 

Printed copies of patents may be obtained in the following 
countries. A printed copy is issued with each patent deed. 
We obtain and send copies (number and year being given 
as), including postage, at the following rates: 



44 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

United States.. $0.25 Austria $1.00 

Great Britain 50 Hungary 1.00 

France 75 Sweden 1.00 

Germany 75 Norway 1.00 

Switzerland 75 Denmark 1.00 

Russia 1.00 

In other countries according to length. Manuscript copies 
of Canadian patents, including the drawing, average about 
$4 each. Estimates of cost will be furnished upon receipt of 
the number of the patent of which a copy is desired. 

If the patentee's name, the date of the patent, or its num- 
ber are unknown, we will, if desired, carefully search for the 
patent described in the order, but we must have before us, 
in making such a search, a print or illustration Of the inven- 
tion. For the time occupied in making this search we gen- 
erally charge $5. 

Where five (5) or more copies of the same U. S. patent 
are ordered at the same time we can supply them at 10 cents 
per copy. 

ALL PAYMENTS FOR COPIES MUST BE MADE IN 
ADVANCE. 

TRADE-MARKS — NOTICE OF REGISTRATION. 

Notice of registration of the mark should be given the 
public, in the United States, by affixing or printing on the 
label and on or directly beneath the mark, " Registered in 
U. S. Patent Office" or " Reg. U. S. Pat. Off." 

In Canada such notice should be similarly placed and as 
follows, " Trade-mark registered Canada, 191 — ." 

TRADE-MARKS ASSIGNMENTS. 

In the United States a trade-mark can only be assigned in 
connection with the business and good will of the registrant. 

This applies also in Canada. 

For preparing and recording the simplest assignment agree- 
ment our charge, including the government recordation fee, 
is $5. For the longer ones with various stipulations our 
charges are regulated by the time taken, the interests involved 
and the services rendered. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 45 

WHAT IS MY INVENTION WORTH? 

This is a question often put to us, and one that should 
never be asked of a patent attorney. We are in no position 
to foretell accurately or even approximately the value of any 
invention. The inventor is best qualified to answer this for 
himself, having seen the need, being usually a practical man 
engaged in that particular line. The main reason, however, 
is that the value of an invention depends so much on the per- 
sonal equation. One man by his perseverance and business 
ability might reap a fortune, where another, desiring and ex- 
pecting to make a fortune easily and at once, might become 
disappointed and cease all efforts, thus obtaining nothing. 
The same energy and ability applied in perfecting the inven- 
tion if properly applied commercially will doubtless result in 
a profit in proportion to the value of the invention. The 
value, therefore, in most instances, depends on the inventor; 
it is " up to him." 

ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENTS. 

A patent is a vested right, and may be disposed of entirely 
or partially; or licenses, from exclusive down to shop rights, 
may be disposed of. However, it should be remembered that 
an owner of an undivided interest of a patent, however small 
that interest may be, has the right to make, use and sell the 
device covered thereby without being liable in any way to 
any of the other owners of said patent for any part of the 
profits he may make, unless special provision is made for 
this in the agreement of assignment. 

Our charge for preparing and recording the usual assign- 
ment, including the government fee, is $5, except where 
special services and time are required by reason of the na- 
ture of such agreements, and the necessity of very clearly 
and elaborately specifying the various conditions, obligations 
and arrangements between the parties and defining the rights 
of each. Such instruments, it is obvious, take much time, and 
the charges therefor must rest on the amount of time taken, 
the matters to be considered, the services rendered and the 
value thereof to the parties. 



46 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

PATENT SALESMEN. 

We do not undertake to sell patents and, we regret to say, 
we do not know of a single patent salesman or alleged sales- 
man whom we can recommend as honest and trustworthy. 

As soon as you receive your patent you will generally 
receive a stack of circulars from these quacks who will offer 
to sell your patent for you. They all require some payment 
at first, to pay for advertising, a model, for putting a cut of 
your invention in their catalogue, &c. These first payments 
run anywhere from $5 to $50, and after they get it they lose 
all interest in the selling proposition. They live on the first 
payments and, as about 40,000 patents are granted yearly by 
the United States Patent Office, their field of operations is 
large. Our best advice is to ignore all such offers. You will 
save money and disappointment. 

MANUFACTURE IT. 

We advise you to manufacture the article. If properly 
managed the demand or market will be in accordance with 
the value of the invention and your reward will be automati- 
cally regulated in accordance therewith. If you lack capital, 
and the device is a meritorious and valuable one, you can 
often get men with capital interested and form a corporation 
to manufacture it, thus securing for yourself some share, at 
least, in the real profit to be obtained from the invention, 
instead of securing a small sum, which often is out of all 
proportion to its value, and having someone else obtain the 
real profit on the fruits of your invention. We have a num- 
ber of clients who have followed this course to their profit. 

BE YOUR OWN SALESMAN. 

However, if you cannot manufacture it, and desire to dis- 
pose of your patent right, the best way is to construct a good, 
well-finished model and to be your own salesman, calling on 
men interested in that line personally and explaining and 
demonstrating your invention to them The invention is a 
child of your brain, you are much more enthusiastic about it 
than another would be, know all its advantages and various 
ways in which it can be applied to advantage,, and you can 
bring these clearly and forcibly before a prospective purchaser. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 47 

SECBET USE. 

It would be practically impossible to keep an invention 
secret and yet make any large profit therefrom, for 17 years. 
A patent in the U. S. or Canada, respectively, assures you 
of protection for this period, and when so protected you may 
openly make, use and sell, if infringing no earlier patent, for 
17 years, in which time a valuable invention may reap a for- 
tune. Also, during this time you will probably be able to im- 
prove on your invention, secure a patent on such improvement 
and manufacture under such latter patent. Of course this 
patent would not protect you against competition from the 
invention covered by the old and expired patent, but this 
improvement might be of such nature and of such value that 
such competition would be of little consequence to you. 

GENEROSITY TO FOREIGNERS. 

There are very few inventors that do not place a high 
value on their inventions and in many cases this high valua- 
tion is quite justified, yet nine-tenths or even a larger propor- 
tion of U. S. patentees present the entire world, outside of 
the United States and Canada, with the fruit of their genius 
and labors by neglecting to patent their inventions in foreign 
countries. 

The inventor expects to reap a rich reward from his inven- 
tion here. Why would not the same invention be equally or 
even more valuable abroad, where the population is more 
concentrated and where the invention should be easier to 
market and distribute than in this comparatively sparsely- 
settled country? Nearly forty thousand patents are granted 
each year by the United States, and among them are many 
inventions of great utility and value. It is hard to realize 
that these valuable inventions are actually presented to the 
people of Europe, Canada, Mexico and Central and South 
America, whereas by a relatively small expenditure they could 
have been protected by patent in the principal foreign coun- 
tries. And, if patented, there is no reason why they could 
not be made to pay by manufacture of the article, or by the 
sale of the patent rights, as much or more as the United 
States patent, with the same effort and ability. Also, the sale 



48 BABCOCK'S. BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

of any such foreign patent rights, even at low figures, will 
give you a good start financially in working your patents else- 
where. 

In the matter of foreign patents you want to act quickly, 
before someone else lodges his claim as prior applicant. 

It is well for United States and Canadian inventors to 
file their foreign applications at as early a date as possible, 
not exceeding twelve months prior to their applications in the 
United States. By doing thus they will head off independent 
foreign inventors who might file during the pendency of the 
U. S. application; and also, and most important, they will 
defeat that class of persons who make a practice of pirating 
desirable inventions here and obtaining patents for them 
abroad as first communicators. 

WHEN APPLICATION MAY BE MADE. 

In all countries, speaking generally, application may be 
made before the publication, public sale, or use of the, article 
in the respective country. 

In all countries belonging to the International Convention 
application may be filed any time within twelve months after 
the filing of the U. S. application, even if the article has been 
published or used in the foreign country in which it is de- 
sired to patent it. 

Canada does not belong to the International Convention, 
and an application may be filed there any time within one 
year after the date of the grant or sealing of the first foreign 
patent. 

In all cases, however, it is best to apply before publication 
or use, except possibly in Canada, even in countries signatory 
to the International Convention, as applications under this 
Convention require expensive certified copies and much else, 
which is avoided by application before publication. In this 
connection it is to be noted that when the United States 
patent is granted it is published in the Official Gazette, and 
copies of this are sent to all countries belonging to the Inter- 
national Convention or otherwise having agreements to ex- 
change patent publications, &c, and that when these copies 
are received in such countries it is held, in most of them, 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 49 

though not all, to be a publication for the purpose of barring 
an application filed subsequent thereto and not under the 
International Convention. 

More definite information will be supplied you when the 
occasion arises. 

COST OF FOREIGN" PATENTS. 

PRICES quoted on the following pages include taxes and 
all other fixed charges, where they exist, for one year, and, 
in all ordinary cases, the adjustment of all formal difficulties 
that may arise in the various Patent Offices ; but not the extra 
expense of filing under the " International Convention." Ob- 
jections on the score of lack of novelty or inoperativeness, 
requirements for division, limitation, additional drawings and 
the like (involving extensive changes, &c), interferences, pro- 
tests, &c, require additional time and services, which will 
usually be charged for. 

A retainer of $20 per application should be sent with the 
order to prepare them, the remainder to be sent promptly 
on the completion of the application papers. 

In highly technical cases, such as those involving an inti- 
mate acquaintance with higher mathematics, chemistry, elec- 
tricity, optics, acoustics, &c, or some special and intricate 
branch of industrial art, the prices stated below will not apply, 
but special rates will be made, depending on the nature of the 
case. 

Also, the rates quoted apply only to specifications, including 
the claims, containing 1,000 words or less, and one sheet of 
drawings. 

For each additional sheet of drawings we make an extra 
charge of $5. 

For every additional 100 words, or part thereof, in ENG- 
LISH, 50 cents. 

For every additional 100 words, or part thereof, in ANY 
OTHER LANGUAGE, $1.50. 

OUR FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES AND POLICY. 

We have our special associates in the capitals of all foreign 
countries who stand at the top of their profession in the 
respective countries and whom we have selected after many 

4 



50 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

years' experience as best fitted to guard our clients' interests 
in their respective countries. In addition to this we prepare 
all cases in our own offices and send them to our associates 
with instructions as to the prosecution and, after each official 
communication, we give them our additional instructions as 
to exactly what course to pursue. 

By reason of this arrangement we can assure to our clients 
prompt services of the highest order in patent and trade- 
mark, &c, matters in all countries for very moderate fees. 

FOREIGN PATENTS. 

COUNTBIES, STATISTICS AND COST OF PATENT. 

Note. — We also undertake to register trade-marks, copy- 
rights and all other analogous governmental privileges in all 
foreign countries where granted to U. S. citizens, and shall 
be glad to supply information and estimate of charge therefor, 
though it is out of the question to embody such information 
in this pamphlet. 

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, 5, 10 or 15 years, $175. Pop., 
6,800,000. Area, 1,212,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agricul- 
ture, sheep and cattle raising, wool, wheat, hides, tallow and 
frozen meats and mining. 

AUSTRALIA, 14 years, $125. Pop., 2,400,000. Area, 3,000,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Sheep raising, agriculture, wine mak- 
ing, mining and manufacturing. 

AUSTRIA, 15 years, $75. Pop., 28,000,000. Area, 187,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, manufacturing 
of glass and general manufacturing. 

BELGIUM, 20 years, $50. Pop., 7,500,000. Area, 11,400 sq. 
miles. Industries — Manufacturing and mining, iron, lead, 
copper, zinc, lace, flour and starch, whisky, beer, &c. 

BOLIVIA, 3, 6 or 10 years, $225. Pop., 2,200,000. Area, 
385,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, rubber, 
Peruvian bark, &c. 

BRAZIL, 15 years, $120. Pop., 20,000,000. Area, 3,200,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, growing of woods for 
dyeing and cabinet work, shipbuilding, fruit, coffee, rubber, 
tobacco, grain, cattle raising, &c. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. ' ' 5 1 

BRITISH GUIANA, 14 years, $225. Pop., 300,000. Area, 
90,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, sugar, rum, tim- 
ber, balata, &c, mining, gold, silver, diamonds, &c. 

BRITISH HONDURAS, 14 years, $150. Pop., 45,000. Area, 
8,600 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining; staple 
products, woods, principally mahogany and logwood, rubber, 
fruit, gold, silver, &c. 

CHILL 10 years, $225. Pop., 3,200,000. Area, 300,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, maize, wheat, barley, oats, 
beans, lentils, vines, tobacco, flax, hemp, chili pepper, pota- 
toes, &c, horse and cattle raising, copper and gold mining, 
&c. 

COLOMBIA, 5 to 20 years, $150 to $200. Pop., 4,500,000. 
Area, 473,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, fruits of 
all sorts, tobacco, coffee, cotton, manufacturing of woolen 
and cotton goods, mining of iron, lead, copper, coal, gold, 
silver, platinum, emeralds, &c. 

COSTA RICA, 20 years, $150. Pop., 370,000. Area, 23,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, cocoa, bananas, coffee, - 
hides, fustic, cedar-wood, &c. 

CUBA, 17 years, $100. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 44,000 sq. miles. 
Industries — Sugar and tobacco. 

DENMARK, 15 years, $60. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 15.000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Grain, raising of sheep, cattle and horses, 
manufacturing of dairy machinery and apparatus, &c. 

ECUADOR, 10 or 15 years. Pop., 1,300,000. Area, 127,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Cocoa, ivory, coffee, cotton, rubber, 
archella, wood, straw hats and hammocks, barks, yarns, 
tobacco, fruit, wheat, sarsaparilla, silver, copper, quick- 
silver, lead, iron, etc. 

FINLAND, 15 years, $150. Pop., 3,000,000. Area, 144,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, oats, barley, rye, potatoes, 
&c. ; great saw mills and paper manufactures ; exporting of 
timber, farm produce, etc. 

FRANCE AND COLONIES, 15 years, $75. Pop., 40.000,000. 
Area, 207,000 sq. miles. Industries — All important indus- 
tries, manufacturing, carving, pottery, glass, chemicals, tex- 
tiles and dyeing. 



52 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

GERMANY, Colonies and Protectorates, 15 years, $75. Pop., 
60,000,000. Area, 210,000 sq. miles. Industries — Germany is 
remarkably well developed in every line of industry, and 
manufactures practically all industrial articles for home con- 
sumption ; being also a large exporter. It has large leather, 
textile, milling, metal and wood-working, electrical and ship- 
building industries, also in chemicals. 

GREAT BRITAIN, 14 years, $80. Pop., 47,000,000. Area, 
121,000 sq. miles. Industries — Manufacturing of all kinds, 
especially machinery and apparatus ; mining operations on 
a large scale ; agriculture. It has very highly developed tex- 
tile and metal working industries. 

GUATEMALA, 15 years, $225. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 47,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, sugar, rubber, ba- 
nanas, hides, timber, etc. 

HOLLAND, 15 years, $75. Pop., 5,700,000. Area, 12,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, horses, sheep, cattle, poultry 
and swine raising ; flax, hemp, tobacco, cottons, etc. ; manu- 
facturing of bricks, margarine, cocoa, chocolate, linen, can- 
dles, confectionery, earthenware, automobiles, boats, shoes, 
starch, flour, printing and accessories, engines, bicycles, 
fecula, oils, beer, geneva and other liquors. Diamond cut- 
ting is also highly developed and carried on extensively. 

HONDURAS, 20 years, $130. Pop., 775,000. Area, 43,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture and great gold, silver, copper, 
etc., mines ; fruit, sugar, tobacco, cotton, coffee, sarsaparilla, 
rubber, mahogany, indigo, hides and skins, cedar, fustic, 
rose-wood, cattle raising, etc. 

INDIA, 14 years, $80. Pop., 300,000,000. Area, 1,800,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, coal, crude petro- 
leum, salt, manganese, saltpetre, gold, mica, rubies, jade, 
etc. There are many kinds of manufacturing, including 
woolen and paper mills, breweries, distilleries, etc. 

ITALY, 15 years, $70. Pop., 34,000,000. Area, 110,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, manufacturing and mining. 
Silk is an important industry, also fruit raising. The chief 
manufactures are woolen straw and felt hats, furniture, 
chemicals, paper, machinery of all kinds, mosaics, pottery, 
Venetian vases, alabaster, ornaments, etc. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 53 

JAMAICA, 14 years, $175. Pop., 900,000. Area, 40,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, tropical fruit and products 
such as sugar, rum, coffee, bananas, oranges, maize, rare 
cabinet woods, dye woods, etc. 

JAPAN, 15 years, $110. Pop., 50,000,000. Area, 163,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining and manufacturing. 
Agricultural products of all sorts, including tobacco, tea, 
potatoes, wheat, rice, &c. Mining products include copper, 
iron, silver, agate and rock crystal, coal, etc. Chief manu- 
factures are silk, cotton, matches, paper, gease, lacquer 
ware, porcelain, bronze, etc. Ship building is carried on 
extensively. 

MEXICO, 20 years, $85. Pop., 13,500,000. Area, 760,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Agriculture, maize, wheat, barley, Chili- 
pepper, cotton, coffee, sugar, tea, tobacco, vanilla, hemp, 
flax, grapes and all tropical fruits ; mahogany, ebony, 
caoutchouc, etc. Mining, gold, copper, lead, silver, quick- 
silver, iron, coal, etc. Manufacture of woolen and cotton 
goods, etc. 

NEW ZEALAND, 14 years, $90. Pop., 900,000. Area, 105,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, flax, butter, cheese, tal- 
low, gum, timber, sheep, wool, twine, kauri pin, rosin, etc. 
Mining, coal mining is an important industry, also the min- 
ing of gold, iron and copper. 

NICARAGUA, 10 years, $150. Pop., 600,000. Area, 52,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, rubber, mahogany, coffee, 
sugar, cocoa, etc. ; cattle and sheep raising. Little gold 
mining. 

NORWAY, 15 years, $70. Pop., 2,400,000. Area, 124,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Timber dressing, mechanical engi- 
neering, textile manufactures, shipbuilding, pulp making, 
match making, dairy products, skins, furs, etc. ; also herring 
and cod fisheries and fish-oil form very important industries. 

PANAMA, 6 to 15 years, $170 to $350. Pop., 450,000. Area, 
32,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining. Gold, 
hides, rubber, mother of pearl, shells, cabinet woods, bananas 
and medicinal plants. Note. — The Panama Canal Zone is 
covered by the U. S. patent. 

PERU, 10 years, $250. Pop., 4,000,000. Area, 500,000 sq. 



54 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

miles. Industries — Mining, silver, gold, copper, quicksilver, 
coal. Agriculture, cocoa, coffee, sugar, cocain, guano, llama 
and alpaca wool, etc. The large petroleum beds and rubber 
forests provide two very important industries. 

PORTUGAL, 15 years, $80. Pop., including the Azores and 
Madeira, 5,500,000. Area, 35,500 sq. miles. Industries — 
Agriculture, grains, textile plants, vines, fruits and nuts. 
Mining, lead, copper, tin, antimony, coal, manganese, iron, 
bay salt, &c. ; chief manufactures, gloves, silk, woolen, linen 
and cotton fabrics, metal and earthenware goods, tobacco, 
cigars, etc. Exportation of mine products is an important 
industry. There are notable oil fields. 

ROUMANIA, 15 years, $135. Pop., 6,700,000. Area, 50,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining. Agriculture, 
maize, millet, barley, rye, beans, peas, vine growing, fruits 
of all sorts, etc. Cattle and sheep raising form an important 
industry. There are also great forests which furnish woods 
of all kinds. The mining of rock salt forms an important 
industry. 

RUSSIA, 15 years, $135. Pop., 157,000,000. Area, 8,235,000 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, timber, all grains in 
great quantity, potatoes, hemp, flax, tobacco, etc. Mining 
extensively of all sorts, including gold, platinum, copper, 
iron, rock salt, kaolin, marble, lead, etc. The largest out- 
put of petroleum in the world comes from Russia, while 
both steam and anthracite coal exist in inexhaustible quanti- 
ties. Manufacturing of all sorts is carried on extensively. 

SALVADOR, 20 years, $225. Pop., 1,000,000. Area, 7.200 
sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, indigo, tobacco, 
sugar, balsum, rice, hides, cedar and fustic. There is also 
some silver mining. 

SANTO DOMINGO, 5 to 15 years, $200 to $250. Pop., 
600,000. Area, 1,800 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, 
cocoa, sugar, coffee, tobacco, mahogany and other woods, 
wax, honey, logwood, fustic, turtle, sheep hides, bananas, 
divi-divi, etc. Gold mining is carried on also. 

SPAIN, 20 years, $75. Pop., 20,000,000; Area, 196,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — Great copper, lead and iron mines 
beside other minerals. Agriculture, vine growing, olives, 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 55 

oranges, lemons, pomegranates, dates, wheat, barley, maize, 
etc. Manufactures are developing. 

SWEDEN, 15 years, $75. Pop., 5,476,000. Area, 173,000 sq. 
miles. Industries — The match industry in this country is 
one of the finest in the world. Agriculture, woods of all 
sorts, especially pine, birch and fir, pitch and tar being 
some products ; oats, rye, barley, potatoes, dairy products, 
etc. Mining products include, iron and steel of a very high 
grade, gold, silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, cobalt, alum, 
sulphur, porphry, marble, coal, etc. Much manufacturing. 

URUGUAY, 9 years, $175. Pop., 1,000,000. Area, 72,000 sq. 
miles. Industries— Agriculture, wool, hides, horn, hair, 
tallow, jerked beef, wheat, barley, maize, etc. Sheep and 
cattle raising forms a great industry and constitutes the 
main value of the country. Gold mining to some extent. 

VENEZUELA, 5 to 15 years, $170 to $300. Pop., 2,700,000. 
Area, 360,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, 
cocoa, balata, gum, cat'le, hides, etc. Mining, gold and other 
metals. 

The foregoing are considered the most important countries 
for patent protection. Information as to any others will be 
supp 1 ied fully as occasion may arise. The Central and South 
American countries are not so important, at present as Euro- 
pean countries, and the cost is generally more, but we have 
given them rather fully, as it is quite probable that manu- 
facturing and general conditions in these Central and South 
American countries may be stimulated by the operation of 
the Panama Canal to such an extent that a patent on a meri- 
torious invention therein would be of great value. 

WARNING. 

Too much care, skill and faithful attention to a client's 
interests cannot be given in the preparation of the specifica- 
tion and claims of a patent application and in the prosecution 
thereof before the Patent Office. This applies also, though 
possibly with less force, in trade-mark, print and label and 
design patent applications. But in the mechanical, composi- 
tion and process patents many very valuable inventions, on 
which fortunes depend, are involved, and any lack of care or 



56 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

skill, or any disregard for the interests of the client, in pre- 
paring the specification and drawing the claims and in subse- 
quent prosecution before the Patent Office is apt to result 
either in a void patent or in a patent, the claims of which are 
so restricted, so weak and of so little use as to be of no value, 
and in most cases such a patent is not worth the paper it is 
written or printed on; the engraving with the ribbon and seal 
may be artistic, but otherwise it has no value. In this con- 
nection it is a well-known fact, as set forth in the Report of 
the President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency, which 
was instructed to make an exhaustive study of the Patent 
Office and to report fully, with suggestions of any desired 
changes and improvements in the manner of handling the work 
in the Patent Office, and which reported accordingly to Con- 
gress on December 10th, 1912, THAT PROBABLY HALF 
OF THE U. S. PATENTS ISSUED ARE INVALID. 

The recent Commissioner of Patents, in 1912, in the hear- 
ings before the House Committee on Patents, stated that 
ABOUT SIXTY PER CENT. OF ALL PATENTS LITI- 
GATED PROVED TO BE INVALID. 

This is a very serious matter and should be given much 
consideration. WHAT are the causes for it? There are a 
number of causes, the chief among them, in our opinion, 
being the incompetent and unscrupulous attorney who dis- 
regards his client's interests entirely and taxes him the utmost 
he can for the least service rendered, to the great gain of the 
attorney and the great and often irreparable loss and damage 
of the client. 

You may often be tempted to employ some attorney who 
offers, as his main recommendation, that he will take the case 
for very small fees, or that he will handle it on the " no 
patent, no pay" or " patent obtained, or fee returned" basis. 
While this may at first appear as an economy, it is generally 
a very great extravagance, for most attorneys of this class 
know little about patent matters and leave the actual work of 
preparing and prosecution to their employees, often boys just 
out of school and novices, while they devote their energies to 
raking in more clients whom they proceed to treat in the same 
manner. Thus, a valuable invention is often lost to the in- 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 57 

ventor by reason of the patent being void or the claims being 
so narrow that they are of no value, these contingencies 
being due to the fact that the person who actually prepared 
and prosecuted the case knew little or next to nothing about 
patent matters. Also, in most such offices the employees ARE 
REQUIRED TO TURN OUT A CERTAIN NUMBER OF 
CASES OR AMENDMENTS A DAY; this is their MAIN 
OBJECT, FOR ON IT DEPENDS THEIR POSITION 
AND SALARY. THIS MEANS HURRIED AND 
FAULTY WORK, LEADING TO WEAK OR VOID PAT- 
ENTS, EVEN THOUGH the person so preparing and prose- 
cuting the applications have sufficient ability in ordinary cir- 
cumstances to properly prepare and prosecute the particular 
applications. 

Also, in this connection it seems proper to call your atten- 
tion to the various highly colored so-called " certificates" sent 
out by these " no patent, no pay" or " patent obtained, or 
fee returned" people. We have a set before us, and they 
are pretty much all alike, the money being deposited in a 
bank in escrow usually in the first instance, to be paid the 
attorney on allowance — or other conditions hereinafter treated. 
In the " patent obtained, or fee returned" plan the money 
is paid in the first instance to the attorney and is retained 
by him, even if the case be finally rejected, unless certain 
conditions obtain, to be here stated. These so-called " certifi- 
cates of patentability" are much the same, being worded dif- 
ferently for the two plans above, but the conditions in them 
are practically identical for all. 

It is to be remembered that the present remarks are di- 
rected to a class, not against any particular person or firm. 
The literature before us happens to set forth the "patent 
obtained, or fee returned" plan. Their " certificate of patent- 
ability" provides that upon final rejection they will return all 
of their fee EXCEPT $10, PROVIDED THE REJECTION 
be made SOLELY ON PRIOR UNITED STATES PAT- 
ENTS and provided FURTHER that an APPEAL BE 
TAKEN AND PAID FOR BY YOU, if they so advise. 
Some of them go so far as to require that the prior U. S. 
patent so cited must have been properly classified; BUT WHO 



58 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

is to be the judge of this, as the U. S. patents have never 
been completely scientifically classified. 

First, then, THEY KEEP $10 of their fee. Of course the 
first government FEE, $15, and the cost of the DRAWINGS, 
usually $5 per sheet, are a loss to the inventor, they are not 
returned as they are not part of the attorney's fee ; 

Second, the case must be rejected SOLELY ON PRIOR U. 
S. PATENTS. IF A FOREIGN PATENT IS CITED IT 
WILL BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THEM IN RE- 
FUSING TO RETURN ANY MONEY— for in such case 
who is to say that the application was not rejected on the 
foreign patent ? As a matter of fact we find that in very many 
cases some foreign reference is cited, though often avoided by 
pointing out differences, restricting the claims, &c, as with 
prior U. S. patents. Also, if the rejection be on a publication, 
on which the Office relies wholly or partially, that will be 
sufficient to support them in refusing to return any money; 
and 

Third, in case of rejection on prior U. S. patents an AP- 
PEAL MUST BE TAKEN to the Board of Examiners-in- 
Chief and PAID FOR BY YOU, if they so advise. The 
government appeal fee is $10 — and in their book they CARE- 
FULLY refrain from setting any definite figure for their fee, 
or any approximate figure therefor, saying they will give defi- 
nite figures when the occasion arises. Thus, in a hopeless 
case they MIGHT set their fee at $500 or $1,000 with the sole 
purpose of preventing the client from appealing. Of course, 
they state that if unsuccessful in such appeal they will re- 
turn their fee, but it must be paid them first, an they could 
easily name a sum, such as examples above, that could not 
be commanded by their client. If NO APPEAL is taken, 
then THEY are entitled to their fee, provided they advise 
appeal, and YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO ANY RE- 
FUND. 

Another one of the usual " certificates" or coupons is that 
for a FREE SEARCH, for which they state their usual 
charge is $5. They state that this search is made carefully 
through the records, &c. But they send you no copies of 
references or other data. ON THE BACK of the SAME 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 59 

"certificate" is a warning against BOGUS SEARCHES, 
stating that o.ther attorneys offer to make FREE SEARCHES, 
but do not do so, but merely give an off-hand opinion from 
memory as to the probable patentability of the invention, 
without actually making a search. In other words, on the 
front of this coupon they OFFER to make a FREE SEARCH, 
on the back they WARN you against attorneys and firms who 
make such OFFERS TO MAKE FREE SEARCHES— a 
rather absurd proposition. Of course they say they make an 
actual search, but so do the others whom they decry. 

If copies of the nearest patents found are desired they give 
this search a different title and charge $5 for it. 

From the above it will be seen that their so-called " certifi- 
cate of patentability" gives them plenty of loop-holes and is 
practically worthless to you, also that their offer for a free 
search is on its face an absurdity. 

We make no such offers, give no " certificate of patenta- 
bility," nor do we give a free search. Our time is valuable 
and we charge for all time employed and services rendered. 
We charge $5 for our preliminary examinations or searches 
and give you our candid opinion as to patentability, with 
copies of the two or three closest references found. On 
receipt of this you are to determine as to further procedure. 
If we think it patentable we will say so; if not, we will be 
equally frank and advise you against applying. 

We need no cover and seek none, but look after your in- 
terests to the best of our ability and expect to get paid for 
our services and time so expended. 

The best plan for an inventor or others interested in patent 
matters is to pay a reasonable fee to an attorney and to make 
sure and employ a competent firm who will be prompt, care- 
ful, skilful and faithful to their clients' interests. This is 
the only safe way, and it is therefore the most economical 
way in the long run — the true test. 

OUR QUALIFICATIONS AND POLICY. 

This office was established in 1877 by the senior member of 
the present firm, which now consists of two members, Wiluam 
H. Babcock, Patent Office Registry No. 148, and the junior 



60 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

member Richard E. Babcock, Patent Office Registry No. 
9779. The Registration No. of the firm, Wm. H. Babcock & 
Son is 9986. 

The senior member, Wm. H. Babcock, who graduated in 
1869 from the Law Department of Columbia University, now 
George Washington, one of the leading law schools of the 
country, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, has long been 
a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and 
other tribunals, State and Federal, in various parts of the 
country. From the beginning of 1873 to the summer of 1877 
he served as an Examiner in the Patent Office, and he has 
spent the remaining 36 years within a few feet of it and in 
practice before it as well as before the various patent offices 
of the world, and the Federal Courts in patent and analogous 
causes, in which latter class of work he has had much in- 
valuable experience, having been lately retained in a string 
of infringement causes in Texas, involving the well screen 
and pump, &c., industry. He has never interrupted such 
work by more than a few day's rest or absence, and during 
so long a period has necessarily prepared and prosecuted 
numerous applications in all the various arts, losing only a 
very insignificant percentage indeed. Most of the specifica- 
tions and all of the infringement reports and opinions until 
the last five or six years have been prepared by him, as well 
as the more important amending and searching of all kinds, 
with a close supervision of all other and more clerical matters. 

Because of his ripe experience and expert knowledge gained 
by his forty years' steady work and study in patent matters he 
is eminently qualified to represent inventors before the Patent 
Offices of the United States and Canada and in foreign coun- 
tries, through associates of the highest standing, and to rep- 
resent the interests of inventors, corporations, manufacturers 
and others having patent interests in causes relating to patents, 
trade-marks, copyrights, &c, in the Federal Courts. 

The junior member, Richard E. Babcock. who graduated 
from the Law Department of the George Washington Uni- 
versity in 1911 with the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and 
Master of Patent Law, has been steadily associated with this 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 61 

office since 1906, the copartnership having been formed in the 
spring of 1911. He is a member of the bar of the Court 
of Appeals of the District of Columbia, and of other tri- 
bunals, and a registered patent attorney and lawyer. He has 
also taken a short special course extending over a year and 
dealing with the internal-combustion engine, especially as 
adapted to automobiles, the construction of automobiles, and 
dealing with other associated mechanical arts. During his 
eight years' experience in this office he has made thousands of 
searches to determine as to the novelty and probable patent- 
ability of inventions, has made a number of validity and in- 
fringement searches and has assisted the senior member in 
a number of others, and other special investigations. He has 
prepared and prosecuted a number of applications distributed 
through the various arts and has assisted in the office work in 
causes pending in the Federal Courts. 

By reason of his long experience, special training and ex- 
pert knowledge obtained by study and work in this specialty, 
he is well qualified to represent inventors before the United 
States and Canadian Patent Offices and before the Patent 
Offices of foreign countries through local associates of the 
highest standing, and in causes before the Federal Courts. 

We use the utmost care in selecting our draftsmen and 
clerical force, employing only those whom we know to be well 
qualified for the work to be performed, without seeking to 
employ those who will work for the least without regard to 
the quality of work. We make a point of quality, not quan- 
tity, and in this, as in everything else, we give our clients 
only the best to be had. 

All matters have our personal attention, all cases are pre- 
pared and prosecuted, and all searches made, by one of the 
members of the firm personally. 

It would be an easy matter to cancel out all claims in an 
application that were objected to in the first official action, 
accepting only the ones that were allowed, and thus establish 
a reputation for promptness. But this means a disregard of 
the client's interests by usually giving up all protection that 
would be of any value to him, and such a reputation is un- 
desired by us. 



62 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

The only way that anyone can expedite a case and still 
protect a client's interest faithfully is to respond promptly to 
all Office actions, amending as the case demands, and pointing 
out clearly and compellingly in an argument, which should 
be appended to each amendment, the points of distinction be- 
tween the elements of the claims and the elements of the 
references relied on by the Examiner, and this is the course 
that we follow ; fighting for all the applicant is entitled to 
and sticking until we get it, even though the inventor, who 
generally knows very little about the value and office of a 
claim, may urge us strenuously to hurry the grant of the 
patent. 

We are rendering services now to clients to whom this office 
rendered services in 1877 to 1890, and they have been highly 
satisfied with our services. Many of them are manufac- 
turers and by reason of their long acquaintance with patent 
matters have come into a realization of the importance of the 
claims and the necessity for care, skill and faithfulness to a 
client's interests in the preparation and prosecution of patent 
applications. 

Also, we have been receiving for over thirty years all the 
United States and Canadian patent and trade-mark applica- 
tions from a number of the leading patent attorneys or agents 
and firms in Europe. 

These facts in themselves are high testimonials to the value 
placed on our services by our clients and associates. 

On the following pages will be found a number of volun- 
tary unsolicited letters containing very gratifying remarks 
about our qualifications and services from eminent legislators 
and from clients all over the United States and embracing 
lawyers, manufacturers and others. Other references will be 
cheerfully furnished you if desired. 

In conclusion we would say that — 

We will not handle cases on a contingent arrangement, 
but expect in all cases to get paid, usually in advance, for 
all services rendered. 

We do not sell or buy patents. The reason for this is 
manifest. 



Letters of 

Appreciation and Approval 

Written during Recent Years. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 65 

We present at the beginning a few letters from 

legislators of long experience and 

National Eminence. 



United States Senate, 

January 26, 1914. 
Hon. W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Allow me to congratulate you on your book, compiling 
the patent laws and patent regulations, with much valuable informa- 
tion and suggestions added to the same. Your long experience as a 
patent lawyer has qualified you in a high degree for the preparation 
of this compilation, and 1 am sure your book will be found a most 
valuable and suggestive aid to those who desire to secure patents. You 
deserve great credit for undertaking this work and issuing this 
publication. Yours truly, 

KNUTE NELSON. 



Miles Poindexter, Wash., Chairman; William S. Kenyon, Iowa; 

George W. Norris, Nebr. ; Harry Dane, Oreg. 

United States Senate, 

Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. 

January 24, 1914. 
Mr. Wieliam H. Babcock, 

33 Ee Droit Bldg., 802 F St., 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — I take this means of congratulating you on your useful 
compilation and exposition of the patent laws of the United States. 
You and your firm have had long experience in patent law practice, 
and the successful and faithful services, you have rendered to many 
clients in that branch of the protession will make your work a 
standard authority. Very truly yours, 

MIEES POINDEXTER. 



Sixty-Third Congress. 
John H. Stephens; Tex., Chairman; Chas. D. Carter, Okla. ; James 
M. Gudger, Jr., N. C; Thos. F. Konop, Wis.; J. D. Post, Ohio; 
Carl Hayden, Ariz.; Eewis E. Morgan, Ea. ; Dorsey W. Shackleford, 
Mo.; Robt. P. Hill, 111.; Allan B. Walsh, N. J.; John R. Clancy, 
N. Y. ; John M. Evans, Mont.; Wm. H. Murray, Okla.; Denver S. 
Church, Cal.; Charles H. Burke, S. Dak.; Philip P. Campbell, Kans. ; 
Bird S. McGuire, Okla.; Clarence B. Miller, Minn.; Charles M. 
Hamilton, N. Y. ; Patrick D. Norton, N. Dak.; Arthur R. Rupley, 
Pa.; James Wickersham, Alaska; James V. Townsend, Clerk; Paul 
H. Humphrey, Asst. Clerk. 

House of Representatives, 

Committee on Indian Aeeairs, 

Washington. 

February thirteenth, Nineteen Fourteen. 
My dear Sir: — It gives me pleasure to state that upon investigation 
I find your firm to have a reputation for careful, painstaking and con- 
scientious work and that you are commended by men of high position 
to all those seeking the services of patent attorneys. 

Very truly yours, C. D. CARTER. 

Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 
EeDroit Building, 

Washington, D. £. 



66 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 



LAWYERS. 



This does not include any of the commendatory letters 
that we receive from any of the large number of our asso- 
ciates specializing in patent law — for obvious reasons. There 
are two or three patent attorneys we represented and who 
have retired or died, and letters from whom are included. 
As to Mr. Low we would say that this is not the first 
instance of an attorney, on his disability or death, directing 
his practice to this office, as far as he could control the 
matter, to this office. Also letters from Judge C. H. Han- 
ford and Hon. H. Burd Cassex, ex-Member of Congress, are 
included under this heading. Judge Hanford invented an 
important and rather complex machine and obtained a patent 
on it through our establishment. Mr. Cassfi, was an officer 
of a corporation which we represented as counsel in an 
infringement suit. We do not include any letters from foreign 
correspondents, as this would take up a great amount of space 
to no purpose. 



Chambers of United States District Judge, 

District of Washington. 

Corner Fourth Avenue and Marion Street 

Seattle, Washington, Nov. 23, 1903. 

Wm. H. Babcock, 
Patent Lawyer, 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: — By your last communication I am encouraged to hope that 
my patent will be issued very soon, and that the claims allowed will 
be valuable and amply sufficient to protect my invention. 

I have parties waiting to negotiate for the purchase of my right, 
and it will be very much to my advantage if the patent can be 
obtained within the next ten days. 

I inclose herewith a postal money order for the amount called for 
in your letter. This has been delayed a few days, on account of my 
being absent in the eastern part of the State when your communication 
was received. 

I feel obligated to you for prompt and faithful attention to my 
interests. Very truly yours, 

C. H. HANFORD. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 67 

Fifty-Seventh Congress. 
George W. Smith, 111., Chairman; James E. Watson, Ind. ; IT. Burd Cas- 
sel, Pa.; Alvin Evans, Pa.; C. Q. Hildebrant, Ohio; T. F. Marshall, 
N. Dak.; George Sutherland, Utah; Francis W. Cushman, Wash.; 
William A. Jones, Va.; Philip I). McCulloch, Ark.; George G. Gilbert, 
Ky.; Asbury F. Lever, S. C. ; Dudley G. Wooten, Tex.; R. W. 
Wilcox, Hawaii, Delegate; John D. Morgan, Clerk. 

Committee on Private Land Claims, House of Representatives, U. S. 

Washington, D. C, January 18, 1902. 
Mr. William H. Babcock, 
Washington, D. C. 
My dear Mr. Babcock: — Your letter of January 15th addressed to 
me at Marietta was forwarded to me here for reply. I understand 
that Mr. Kulp will have some applications for patents, and he tried to 
see you last week when he was in Washington, but you were not in 
your office when he was here. Any work that Mr. Kulp may offer 
you to do will be paid for promptly. 

I note what you say in reference to the balance due you from the 
old company, and I will make it my business to see that the money is 
paid to you as soon as possible and get all that I can for you. I 
appreciate your position in the matter and will be only too glad to 
secure for you what is possible. Very truly yours, 

H. BURD CASSEL. 


F. M. Thompson, Attorney-at-Law, 
]20 Randolph Street. 

Chicago, July 27, 1900. 
Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Find ck. herewith fee in Faust & Ichberg, 
I am pleased with your work, and will remember you whenever I 
need a Washington man. Yours, 

F. M. THOMPSON. 

147 East Second Street, 
Oswego, N. Y., February 24, 1899. 
Mrs. H. V. Heckman, 

Albany, N. Y. 
Dear Madam : — Your two favors — Jany. 21 and Feby. 21 — came to 
hand in due time; the first found me in bed in a doctor's hands, 
suffering from an attack of grippe from which I have not yet recov- 
ered, and I fear that I never shall. In regard to your application for 
patent I would say that my health is so very precarious that it is 
uncertain whether I shall ever be able to attend to business again. 
You ask me to refer you to some one who can attend to this case for 
you, and I would say that in the course of my business I have occa- 
sionally employed W. H. Babcock, of Washington, a former Examiner 
in the Patent Office, to attend to some of my work, he is a competent 
attorney and very reliable. * * * Very respectfully yours, 

WM. H. LOW. 



E. W. Abbott. Real Estate and Fire Insurance, 
10 Whitney Opera House Block, 

Detroit, Mich., June 11, 1900. 
W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Enclosed find check to pay for new drawing in case of 
Sarah J. Cobean for Detachable Clamp or Name Plate for Belts or 
Animal Collars. I am well pleased with the manner in which you 



68 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

have conducted this matter, and shall not forget you if I have any 
occasion for an Associate Attorney in the future, which shall undoubt- 
edly shall have. Yours truly, 

E. W. ABBOTT. 



James E. Jenks, Attorney at Eaw, 
Pacific Bank Building, 255 Main Street. 
Pawtucket, R. I., March 24, 1902. 

WlLLIAM H. BABCOCK, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Yours of the 22d received. I think you have done all 
that could be done to get an allowance in the Bain case. I was 
afraid of it from the start. Have written to my man, but imagine that 
he will probably drop it. Better luck next time. 

Very truly yours, JAMES E- JENKS. 



Wallace G. McCauley, Attorney at Eaw, 
No. 120 North Third Street. 

Eafayette, Ind., April 2d, 1909. 

Wm. H. Babcock, Atty., 
Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: — I am pleased to acknowledge your favor and copy of the 
answering amendment and argument of the delivery basket. * * * 

I am intending leaving here before she summer is over, and at that 
time I will be pleased to turn over to you whatever unfinished work I 
have in the patent line. It is probable too that I will need your assist- 
ance on the Newman patent. Mr. Crum has some' more ideas in reserve, 
and will take them up as soon as the present patent is put through. 
Yours truly, W. G. McCAUEEY. 



Frank E. Brown, Attorney. 

Waterville, Maine, Sept. 25, 1908. 

W. H. Babcock, Esq., 
Washington, D. C. 

My dear Sir: — I am writing you in the interest of a client of mine 
who has an adjustable hoe, which he wishes to patent, if he can. 

You and my father, the late S. S. Brown, have done business to- 
gether for some years, and I take the liberty to continue where he left 
off 

Possibly you may not have heard of his death. It occurred on the 
fifth of this month. He went home to dinner in the best of spirits and 
at about twelve o'clock was taken with a shock from which he died at 
ten o'clock that night. 

Now for my client's business. 

He has an adjustable hoe or pick. I am sending you a blue print of 
it, and it is so simple I think you can have no trouble to understand it 
fully. 

When it is one degree of slant it is a regular hoe, in another it can 
be used as a pick to pick the ice from the sidewalk and as a scraper to 
scrape the ice from the sidewalk. It can also be used to trim the edge 
of a lawn. 

Will you kindly look the blue print over and ascertain if there is 
anything in the way of patenting it and let me know, and we will pay 
you for the trouble and through you obtain the patent if one can be 
obtained. Very truly yours, 

FRANK E. BROWN. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 69 

Law Offices of James M. Swift, George Grime, John T. Swift. 

Citizens Savings Bank Building, 

Cor. Main and Bedford Sts. 

Fall River, Mass., April 13, 1912. 
Messrs. William H. Babcock & Son, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sirs: — Your valued communication of the 12th inst. enclosing 
official notice from the Patent Office that application No. 681,950, of 
Albert A. Smith, of this city, has been allowed, has been received, 
desire to compliment you upon the speedy culmination of this applica- 
tion so successfully, as your efforts in this instance are much appre- 
ciated by me and will be by my clients * * * 

My people are considering Canadian and British patents, but have 
thus far only discussed the matter, so that I cannot now say whether 
or not they will decide to make application for these foreign patents. 
If they do I will let you know promptly so that you may handle tlr=> 
matter for us, but I would suggest that you do not trouble yourself 
about the matter until you hear from me definitely. 

Yours very truly, JOHN T. SWIFT. 



Carlton, Townes & TownES, Lawyers, 
Houston and Beaumont, Texas. 
Beaumont, Texas, March 26, 1912. 
Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 

Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We take pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your 
favor of 16th inst., in which you enclose official notice from the Com- 
missioner of Patents to the effect that the application of Andrew J. 
Henderson for a patent for an improvement in standing valve has 
been allowed, and we have notified Mr. Henderson to that effect. 

The official notice from the Commissioner of Patents requires that 
final fee of $20.00 be sent within six months, and with such fee the 
name of the inventor, title of invention, date of allowance, &c, and 
would ask that you please advise as to whether there is any par- 
ticular form in which this information should be given, and if so 
please send us the proper blank. As soon as we hear from you we 
will enclose the necessary fee together with that referred to in your 
last letter. 

Mr. Henderson asks that we thank you for your most excellent 
services, in which expression we join. Yours truly, 

CARLTON, TOWNES & TOWNES. 



Geo. P. Willis, Lawyer, 
El Campo, Texas, March 17th, 1912. 
Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
My Dear Mr. Babcock: — I received your very exhaustive letter about 
the unpolished rice and I thank you for your letter and the informa- 
tion therein contained; I had told Hancock, the interested party, just 
about what you would say, but my opinion w r as guess work and yours 
is conclusive. 

I have had Hancock express to you, prepaid, ten pounds of un- 
polished rice, and I herewith enclose you express receipt. This rice 
is not as tempting to the palate in its appearance as the white and 
polished goods, but it is rice and nothing else, while the finished 
article contains glucose, talcum, etc. 

If you can conveniently find a couple of the John Hancock post- 
cards, please send them to me; we may be able to do something with 
this matter along the lines that you suggested. Again thanking you 
for your letter, I am, Very sincerely yours, 

WILLIS. 



7° BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

Head, Smith, Hare & Head, Attorneys at Law, 
Sherman, Texas, March 17, 1913. 
Mr. William H. Babcock, 

Attorney at Law, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We have a client here, Mr. C. K. Smith, who has in- 
vented a railroad switch that cannot be split in cars running over it, 
which he desires to patent. He has a model of the switch, which will 
weigh twenty-five or thirty pounds. We wish you would write us a 
letter of instructions as to what to do in the premises in preparing 
the matter to send it to you for investigation and attention, and 
desire that you write us fully as to what expense there will be inci- 
dent to procuring this patent, what fees will have to be paid, and 
when, to the Department, and what your compensation will be, and 
how is it to be paid. A full letter at once will be greatly appreciated. 
Very truly yours, 

HEAD, SMITH, HARE, HAXEY & HEAD. 



Hunt, Myer & Teagee, Lawyers, 
Commercial Bank Building, 
Houston, Texas, 5/19/11. 
Hon. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C, 
Dear Sir: — A client of mine is desirous of having a trade-mark 
registered for a particular brand of butter which is gotten out by his 
Company, if it is not too expensive. We think he will want this 
matter attended to, and, of course, we will be glad to have you co- 
operate with us. Could you advise me the approximate cost of this, 
including your fee. 

I shall await your prompt reply to this letter, and will appreciate 
your giving the matter early attention. 

Mr. L\ W. Townes suggested your name to me, and asked that he 
be remembered to you. . Yours very truly, 

SEWALL MYER. 



Hunt, Myer & Townes, Lawyers. 

Houston, Texas, March 14th, 1907. 
Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of your letter of the 11th inst. and 
in reply beg to say that we did not take the matter up further with 
you for the reason that the controversy involved in the suit pending 
.at that time was. adjusted by the parties. There are, however, other 
suits with reference to the same patents in contemplation at this time, 
and should they eventually be filea, we will be pleased to take the 
matter up with you further. Very truly yours, 

HUNT, MYER & TOWNES, 

Per Townes. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 7 1 

MANUFACTURERS. 



From these letters it will be seen that from the beginning 
our clients have all been satisfied and pleased with our 
services and have recommended us to others, whose letters 
will be found herein, and that the latter have recommended us 
to still others, forming a regular steadily increasing chain 
of clients, well satisfied with our services. 



j. boekel Wm. Boekel & Co., 

Manufacturers of Metal Goods, Plumbers Goods, Surgical Goods, Chem- 
ical and Bacteriological Apparatus, 
518 Vine Street, 

Philadelphia, July 28th, 1911. 
William II. Babcock & Son, 

Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We received your letter of July 27th as well as notice 
from the Patent Office covering the application on the Centrifugal 
Devices, and enclosed you will find our check for $20.00, the final 
payment for this matter. 

We thank you for your efforts and are pleased at your success. 
Remaining, Respectfully yours, 

WM. BOEKEL & CO., 

SHERER. 

wm. boekel. Wm. Boekel & Co., j. boekel. 

Metal Spinners and Manufacturers of Metal Goods, Plumbers' Goods. 

Surgical Goods, Chemical and Bacteriological Apparatus. 

518 Vine Street, 

Philadelphia, January 18th, 1901. 
Mr. William H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of your favor of the 17th inst., and 
think that what you have done and intend to do is all right. It just 
suits us, if yon can make the claim for a Spray Tube made in three 
parts and insert in the statement that the two lower parts can be made 
in one. 

Trusting to hear good news soon, we remain, 

Respectfully yours, WM. BOEKEL, & CO. 



The Record Manufacturing Co., 

Manufactures Under George J. Record's Patents, 

Records, Folding Portiere Doors, Folding Portiere Screens, Folding 

Portiere Office Partitions, Folding Portiere Restaurant Stall 

Partitions, Folding Portiere Shozv Window 

Racks, Etc., Etc. 

Conneaut, .\shtabula County, Ohio, Nov. 13, 1905. 

Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of Office's notice of allowance of our 
application for patent on "Curtain Roll," which I wish to congratulate 
you in obtaining. 



7 2 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

Inclosed find my check on Mutual Sav. Asso. for $25, as you suggest, 
to pay for Government fee and $5 extra for service extra. 

Yours truly, GEO. J. RECORD. 



Watch the Red Hoops. 

The Conneaut Can Company, 

Conneaut, Ohio, June 5/02. 
Wm, H. Babcock, 
Patent Attorney, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We have a little work which we desire to have done by 
some one familiar with the lay of the land, and wonder if you are in a 
position to give us your attention. You will perhaps remember the 
writer when you recall your trip to Conneaut for the Record Mfg. Co., 
when you made specifications for the crimping machine; the writer was 
engaged as stock and cost clerk. We have since left the old ship, and 
organized for ourselves, and are trying to build a trade outside of the 
large concern. We have some ideas which we wish to present to you, 
and if you are at liberty to give us your services, we will take the 
matter up further with you. Yours truly, 

THE CONNEAUT CAN CO., 

Per H. A. TruesdalE, 
President and General Manager. 



:i. a truesdale. President. a. h. curtiss, Sec'y and Treas. 

THE CONNEAUT CAN COMPANY, 
Incorporated 1901. 
Watch the Red Hoops. Offices in the Principal Cities. 

Conneaut, Ohio, November 7, 1913. 
William H. Babcock & Son, 
Rooms 33-34, DeDroit Bldg., 
Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We have your letter of the 5th, together with patent 
papers No. 1,077,677, for which we thank you, and we will be pleased 
to employ your services when we are again in need of them. 
With best wishes, we are your friends, 

THE CONNEAUT CAN COMPANY. 



The Conneaut Shovel Company, 

Shovel Specialists, 

The Ronberg Shovel, Mikkola Patent Ore Shovels. 

Conneaut, Ohio, 10/28/10. 
W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We have a small improvement for closing up ferrules on 
the back of shovels that we wish to have patented. The Conneaut 
Can people tell us that you handled some patents for them that were 
very satisfactory- We would like to have you quote us prices for 
making search and getting the patent, providing this die is patentable. 
We will send you drawing and photographs of the die, and full de- 
scriptions, etc. Your friends, 

THE CONNEAUT SHOVED CO., 

Per G. W. Benton, 

Sec'v and Treas. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 73 

The Conneaut Shovel Co., 
Shovel Specialists. 
Conneaut, O., 11/3/13. 
Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 

Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We have yours of the 31st and copies of letters. We 
believe you have handled this in the best possible way. 
We are, your friends, 

THE CONNEAUT SHOVEL, CO., 

Per G. W. Benton, 

Sec'y and Treas. 
o 

Elevator Barge Company, 
E. P. Wilber Trust Co., 18 Broadway, New York. 
Rye, Westchester County, N. Y., April 8, 1912. 
Messrs. W. H. Babcock & Son, 
Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — I have yours of the 5th Oct. last, as also of the 1st 
Feby. last, and for both of which I thank you. 

Many years have past since I first commenced to do business with 
your senior, and I am pleased to see by your letters that he seems to be 
the same active man that I have always found him, and that his hand- 
writing does not seem to vary one particle. 

In reply to yours of the 1st Feby. will say that I am still inventing 
in the transportation of coal. * * * 
Hoping that you are enjoying good health, 

I am, yours very truly, C. STEWART SCHENCK. 



South Texas Grain Co., 
Manufacturers of Stock Feeds, 
Houston, Texas, March 10, 1913. 
Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 
Rooms 33-34 LeDroit Bldg., 
802-810 F Street, N. W., 
Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We are in receipt of your valued favor of the 6th inst. 
with enclosure of check for $30.00, for which we thank you. When we 
have any further business in your line we will be glad to give same to 
you. Yours very truly, 

SOUTH TEXAS GRAIN COMPANY, 

J. V. Neuhaus, 

Vice President. 



American Shovel and Stamping Co. 
Eorain, Ohio, May 13. 1904. 
W. H. Babcock, 

Patent Attorney, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — You will recall having made investigation for us and our 
attorney, Geo. B. Marty, upon several occasions in regard to Pressel 
Steel Seats. We are about to make application for patent on a new 
idea in regard to same, and will thank you to advise us as to your 
charge for preparing the application and procuring the patent. If same 
is satisfactory we would be disposed to send you dummy which would 
give you the ideas which we wish covered, and would you be in shape 
to give the matter immediate attention and prosecute it vigorously to 
the end that we would get the patent at the earliest possible date? 
Very truly yours, 

AMERICAN SHOVEL, & STAMPING CO., 

R. T. J. Martin, 
Vice Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 



74 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

"Parlor Bowling Alley," "Parlor Bagatelle," "Columbia Base Ball," 

"Is Marriage a Failure," "7 up" or "Help Your Neighbor." 

Pat. July 27th, 1897. — Send for our Illuminated Circular. 

(established 1870) 

M. Redgrave. 

Manufacturer of Patented Parlor Games, 

Factory: 16 Willow Court, 568 Pavonia Avenue. 

Telephone 3293. Jersey City, N. J., April 25, 1905. 

Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C 
Dear Sir: — Your kind favor received, and assure you that your 
efforts are greatly appreciated and I feel confident that you will not 
cease your efforts until you have secured the patent for me. With 
best wishes to yourself and family, I am, Yours truly, 

M. REDGRAVE. 



Evangeline Iron Works., Limited, 

Machine Shop and Blacksmith Work of All Kinds. Pipe Threading 

and Oil Well Supplies, 

Evangeline, La. — Vinton, La. 

Vinton, Da., Dec. 5th, 1911. 
Messrs. W. H. Babcock & Son, 
Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — We beg to acknowledge receipt of the Patent Papers 
on the Savoie Blow Out Preventer which arrived in the mail yesterday. 
Should we ever have anything further in this line we shall be glad 
to bave you handle it for us. Yours respectfully, 

EVANGELINE IRON WORKS, LTD., 

J. F. Reaney. 



Neidich Process Company, 
Manufacturers of Duplicating Machines, Typewriter Ribbons, Carbon 

Papers. 
Factories and General Offices, Burlingtcn, N. J. 

Burlington, January 25, 1911. 
Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We have your valued favor of the 24th inst.. and 
enclose herewith check for your invoice in the matter. The informa- 
tion you have given us is exactly what we wanted, and we thank you 
for your promptness in attending to same. 
We are, yours very truly, 

NEIDICH PROCESS COMPANY, 

S. A. Neidich, President. 



Marshall Furnace Co., 
Wolverine Furnaces for All Kinds of Fuel. 
Marshall, Mich., Aug. 7/09. 
Mr. Wm. H. Babcock. 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — I have a little device on which I am thinking of taking 
out a patent. 

Mr. J. C. Wells of this city states he has had considerable work 
done by you and same has been satisfactory. 

Wish you would write me giving me a little information as to what 
steps it would be necessary for me to take in order to place the 
matter before you in such shape that you may take such steps as are 
necessarv to secure this patent. Yours very truly, 

A. E. BACON. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 75 

The Charles Boldt Glass Company, 

Manufacturers of Bottles. 

Factories: Muncie, Ind., and Cincinnati, O. 

Cincinnati, O., August 24, 1904. 

Mr. W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — We have your favor of the 20th inst., and are returning 
the petition signed by the Company. You have made a note " assignee 
sign," and we presumed our signature was correct, although the 
petition specifies " inventor's full name." 

We have a customer who wants to patent a bottle, but this bottle 
has been on the market for two years or more and we doubt that 
anything can be done. If it can, however, we would be glad to have 
you advise us. Yours truly, 

THE CHARLES BOLDT GLASS COMPANY, 

Fr. O. W. Schwenck, Sec'y. 



Office of the El Campo Machine Co., 

Manufacturers of the Gray Pump and Steel Pit with Well Appliances 

for Irrigation Purposes. 

El Campo, Texas, Feb. 21/10. 

Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Your kind favor of the 17th inst. duly received. Thank 
you for the promptness in giving the information requested. * * * 

Orders are waiting on us for the pumps. Had we the capacity, no 
telling how many we could sell. 

Again thanking you for the information, we are, yours truly, 

EL CAMPO MACHINE CO., 

C. Evans, Secretary. 



J. H. Rushton, 
Canoes, Pleasure and Hunting Boats. 
Canton, N. Y., Aug. 26, 1905. 

Wm. H. Babcock. Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear' Sir: — Your letter and inclosure in re trade-mark ''Indian Girl" 
is received. Thanks. In regard to registration in Canada, at present 
I would say: No, not trade enough to pay. However, will let it rest. 
Yours truly, J. H. RUSHTON. 



The Boston Bookholder Company, 

Telephone 3760 Main, 311 Atlantic Avenue, 

Boston, Massachusetts. 

W. H. Babcock. 

Dear Sir: — Clark Reynolds has perfected certain useful inventions 
and improvements on printing presses • and wishes to retain you to 
look after his interest in the Patent Office. Kindly communicate with 
him in re? ar d to amount of cost in fees, etc., amount to be sent with 
first application. 

Trusting you are well, and being pleased to renew my acquaintance 
with you. I remain, yours, 

GEO. E. DREW. 

Address Clark Reynolds, 

318 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. 



76 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

w. m. harrison, President. n. c. harrison, Treasurer. 

Harrison Waterproof Materials Co., Inc., 

Manufacturers — Contractors, 

Hudson Terminal, 30 Church St. Telephone, Cortlandt 3124. 

New York, July 3rd, 1911. 
Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 
Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — Noting your esteemed letter of the 1st inst., we have 
decided that the subject of our proposed patent is not of sufficient 
importance to undertake the risk naturally shown by your examina- 
tion. Glad indeed to send you anything that may come up that may 
mutually interest us. Very truly yours, 

HARRISON WATERPROOF MATERIALS CO., 

W. M. Harrison, President. 



Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co., 
Manufacturers of Pig Iron and Coke. 

Brookwood, Ala., November 19th, 1903. 
Mr. W. H. Babcock, 

Atty. at L,aw and Sol. of U. S. and Foreign Patents, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Mr. Byrne, of Birmingham, Ala., has directed me to you. 
I wish to make application for letters patent of the U. S. My inven- 
tion is "Ore and Coal Washer." The drawings are ready in a day 
or two. 

I wish to apply for patent at once in order to protect the invention, 
because the washer will go into commission as soon as my drawings 
are ready for manufacturing. Please give me all the necessary in- 
structions. Inform me of the fees and the total cost. I may have to 
apply for foreign patents. Yours very truly, 

Iv. A. O. GABANY, Chief Engineer, 

Brookwood, Ala. 
o 

Represented in the principal Cities of the U. S., Canada, Australia, 

New Zealand, Mexico and South America. 

UNIVERSE MANUFACTURING CO., INC., 

Owners of H. W. Pitz & Co., 

Manufacturers of Leather Goods, Diaries, Memo Books and Advertising 

Nevelties. 

Bookbinders — Commercial Printers. 

Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. 

Geo. A. Smith, President. 

Robert J. Brunker, Vice-President. 

!Louis G. Groh, Treas. and Genl. Mgr. 

April 10th, 1913. 
Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 
Room 33, EeDroit Bldg., 
802 F St., N. W., 

Washington, D. C. . 
Gentlemen :— We beg to acknowledge with sincere thanks receipt of 
your favor of April 9th, and contents carefully noted. After all it 
would seem to us that the . litigation would be a very long one and. 
expensive and very little could be accomplished, for the sale of the 
little purse, in our opinion, is not worth while to go after. 

We are just now making up a purse and expect to send you sample 
and application for patent shortly. Meanwhile, we remain, with our 
thanks, Yours very truly, 

UNIVERSE MANUFACTURING CO., INC., 
H. W. Pitz & Co. 

Louis G. Groh, Mgr. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 77 

White Foot Remedy Co. 
r. clayton Thomas, Manager. 

Centreville, Maryland, 5/11/12. 
Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son. 

Dear Sirs: — Yours of the 9th received and contents noted, and 
thank you for your candor. 

^ Although I am very much surprised and disappointed, I appreciate 
the fact that your long experience in this class of work makes you a 
competent judge. I would like very much to have this medicine pro- 
tected by copyright, and if you can offer any suggestions they would 
be appreciated as I do the treatment accorded me by you. Should I 
make any change or do anything needing the service of an attorney, 
shall certainly write you. Yours very truly, 

R. CLAYTON THOMAS, 

Per White Foot Remedy Co. 



THE CROWLEY IRON & MACHINERY COMPANY, 

E. L. savoie, Manager. . 

Crowley, Louisiana, Aug. 31/12. 
Mr. William H. Babcock 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — You having previously obtained a patent for me which 
was granted last November, and beiner well satisfied of your services, 
I now wish you to obtain, if possible, another patent for me, or at 
least I should say, obtain a patent in a device I am interested in. 

My other patent, as you will remember, was for an Oil Well Blow- 
Out Preventer. * * * 

Trusting you will give this matter your prompt attention, as in the 
other patent you obtained for me, I am, yours truly, 

E. L- SAVOIE, 
419 Ave. G, Crowley, Ea. 



Powell-Haskins Manufacturing Co., 
5 Union Street, Corner North, Telephone Connection, 702 Richmond. 

Boston, Mass., March 7, 1912. 
Mr. Wm. H. Babcock & Sons. 

My Dear William: — I have received your letter of February 24th 
and thank you for your interest in behalf of my father and myself. 

You will note by this letterhead that I am established in manu- 
facturing business and my time is considerably taken up along this 
line. 

Father has failed considerably in the last few years, and although 
he is still interested in inventions, yet I doubt if he will be able to 
do anything in a practical way with them any longer. Both of us 
have surely appreciated your methods of doing business, and we have 
always felt that in you we had an attorney who would handle our 
business in the best possible manner, and the writer has taken pleasure 
in recommending you in several instances and will continue to do so. 

Wishing you every success, we remain, 

Yours very truly, EEANDER M. HASKINS. 



Hamilton Watch Company, 
Manufacturers of Finest Quality Watch Movements, 

Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A., November Fourth, 1913. 
Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 

Gentlemen: — I have the pleasure of your very much esteemed favor 
of the 3rd and at different times in the past have received your 
letters, but thinking that some time when I was in Washington I 
would stop in to see you, I did not answer the same. 



78 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

I have not taken out any patents tor a long time, and if I had I 
think I would send them to you. I have changed the nature of my 
business some years ago, as you will see from the above, and if at 
any time we take out any patents in this Company I will be glad to 
keep you in mind, although there seems to be very little room for 
patents at present, in the line of watches. 

1 am glad to hear that you are getting other business from Lancaster, 
and extend to you my very best wishes for your continued success, 
and remain, Yours very sincerely, 

CHARLES F. MILLER, President. 



w. s. crum, President. w. E. sheets, Sec'y-Treas., 

oscar yundt, Vice-President. 

Sanitary Metal Basket Company, 

Manufacturers of Metal Delivery Baskets, Egg Delivery Cases and 

Paper Bag Holders. 

Lafayette, Ind., Nov. 7/13. 
Wm, Babcock & Son, 

Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — In answer to your letter 3d inst., will say you can use 
me for reference at any time. In fact I have recommended you to 
all that come to me and ask me in regard to patents. We are doing 
nicely with our baskets. Respectfully, 

W. S. CRUM. 



Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company. 
Williamsport, Pa., June 15, 1906. 
W. H. Babcock, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — My friend, Charles Eldon, of this city, tells me you are 
a first-class patent lawyer, capable of taking care of a matter in good 
shape, and generally looking after the interests of a client. 

Wish you would kindly give me such general information as you 
can with regard to the taking out of patents on machine. * * * 
Yours truly, C. S. DUBELLE. 



Established 1865. 
E. Keeler Company. 
Automobile Department. 

Williamsport, Pa., May 18, 1906. 
Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — In my conversation with Mr. Chas. Eldon, of this city, 
he advised me that he had had some business relations with you which 
were very satisfactory. In view of this fact, I enclose $5 to cover 
preliminary charges for making search for Patent Claim, which you 
will find within. Kindly advise me at your early convenience regard- 
ing same, and oblige. Sample of Tread shipped by express today. 
Yours very truly, A. A. MAITLAND. 



Established 1876. 

Tammany Organet Co., 

Manufacturers of Automatic Instruments and Perforated Music Rolls, 

17 West 24th Street, Telephone Madison Sq. 4428. 

New York, Dec. 22d, 1909. 
W. H. Babcock, 

The writer is in doubt whether Mr. Babcock is still living and con- 
ducting business at the same old stand; if so, please note the fact on 
the within card, and oblige, Yours truly, 

J. McTAMMANY. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 79 

The Atlantic Refining Company. 
Lancaster, Pa., April 17, 1903. 
William H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Kindly send me some information relative to securing 
and obtaining patents. Have a trivial article which, if patentable, will 
place in your hands. For your information, my father, Levi K. 
Landis, had a cork machine patented in '93, which matter was run 
through your hands. The article which we have in mind is intended 
for advertising purposes and household use; is a simple as can be made. 
Refer to a newspaper file. 

Kindly let us hear from yon at an early date. 

Yours truly, EM FRY LANDIS, 

409 East King, Lancaster. 



Caldwell- Watson Foundry & Machine Company, 

Furnace, Mill & Mine Work, 

P. O. Box 276. Fifth Avenue and 13th Street. Telephone 376. 

Birmingham, Ala., July 6th, 1903. 
Mr. W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C 
Dear Sir: — We send you under separate cover blueprint of a cinder 
car and would like to know the parts of said car that are patented; 
but before investigating same, write us your charges for same. (You 
were recommended to us by Mr. J. A. Wiggs, formerly of this place.) 
A prompt reply will be appreciated. \ ours respectfully, 

CALDWELL-WATSON FDY. & MACH. CO. 



Mitchell Gas Generator and Burner Co. 

Principal Offices, 95 Milk St. 

incorporated 1899. 

Boston, Aug. 1, 1900. 
Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 
709 G St., Northwest, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Yours of July 30th was received and we are very much 
pleased to hear that the original lamp patent of Mr. Mitchell's has 
been allowed. 

Since Mr. Mitchell and myself left Washington we have been 
favored by decree of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, giving vis our 
case, which practically settles the whole matter, and we expect to 
finish the Master's hearing this week. 
In reference to the model, * * * 

This, however, is left entirely to your discretion, knowing, as I do, 
that you will see that our interests are thoroughly looked after, and 
if possible keep us posted as to what they are doing. 

Have you investigated about the trade-marks, for that is a matter 
which I wish to attend to as soon as possible. 

Mr. Mitchell is now at work upon the improvements to be filed on 
the Soldering Irons and Sad Iron, and will be forwarded to you in 
due time. Very truly yours, 

MITCHELL GAS GENERATOR AND BURNER CO., 

Otis Eddy, Prest. 



80 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

OTHER INVENTORS AND CLIENTS. 



These classes of clients necessarily overlap more or less. 
Among the following are some who have taken part in exten- 
sive manufactures. The number of letters from inventors of 
course could be very greatly increased if it were feasible to ex- 
amine the whole volume of past correspondence. 



D. R. Barton, 
Dealer in Hardware, 
Co-Op. Building, Second Street. 
North Yakima, Wash., June 22d, 1900. 
Hon. W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Your circular letter of May 26th was forwarded to me from Mem- 
phis, Tenn., and came in good time, as I had lost your address. 

I send in this letter, sketch and description of flue stop which I 
think will be sufficiently plain to you. Please proceed at once and file 
caveat. As soon as caveat is filed I will make arrangements for its 
manufacture, and at expiration of one year can then obtain patent on 
same. I will be guided by your advice as to the best method of 
procedure, but I do not. wish to go to the expense of a Patent until 
I see how the flue stop takes with the trade. I believe I have invented 
a good thing, as there is a great demand for a stop that will remain 
firmly in the opening. 

Please push this matter as fast as possible, so as to prevent anyone 
getting ahead of me. Send me some of your cards and prices for 
obtaining Patents, filing caveats, &c, and I will try to obtain some 
business for you in this section. Very truly yours, 

D. R. BARTON. 



Columbia, Tenn., Jan. 5, '06. 
Wm. H. Babcock, 

709 G St., Northwest, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Rec'd yours dated Dec. 22, and please accept my most 
hearty thanks for your opinion and frankness. From it I consider you 
a very reliable and competent patent att'y. * * * 

Very sincerely, Iy. C. BURGARD, 

Columbia, Tenn. 



C. F. Parmentrr, 

Machinist. 

Inventing a Specialty. We Have Helped Others, We Can Help You. 

Portlandville, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1904. 
Dear Sir: — I am advised by Mr. C. B. Hawver, of Milford, N. Y., 
that you are a successful Patent Attorney, and that it would be well 
for me to employ you in regard to obtaining a patent right on my 
kerosene oil carburetor. * * * Very respectfully, 

C. F. PARMFNTFR. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 8 1 

Dr. G. O. Hannah, 
Dentist, 
Cor. Union and Coburg Sts. 

St. John, N. B., Aug. 8, 1904. 
Mr. W. H. Babcock, 

Dear Sir: — I shall require the services of a Patent Attorney again, 
and as I do not just now know what your view of myself as a client 
may be, I should be glad to hear from you. All I want is the assurance 
that I have your undivided interest in my behalf, as I feel I have the 
assurance of honest dealing from you already. The case needs no 
search and will involve much capital. 

Kindly let me hear from you. Yours truly, 

GEO. O. HANNAH. 



Cor. Mass. and Front Aves., 
Buffalo, New York, Nov. 26th, 1902. 

Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — In the year of 1883 you obtained a patent for me, No. 
281,531, which was assigned to the Chas. Parker Co., Meriden, Conn. 
Are you still in business? If so please inform me how to proceed to 
obtain a patent on what we will call a self-draining inner wash boiler, 
which I think is new and patentable. The model * * * 
Awaiting an early reply, I remain yours, 

Respectfully, WM. G. LEONARD. 



H. M. Williamson, 
Denver. 

W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir: — Replying to your favor of the 12th instant, will say that 
I am very much pleased with the tone of your letter, and am very well 
satisfied with your amendment, which I have every reason to believe 
will be accepted by the examiner. 

If you have a copy of the concentrator specifications, as allowed by 
the Patent Office, kindly forward same to me. I think you have done 
this work very skilfully, and am very much pleased that you have so 
well understood the points furnished you. 

Trusting that we may have an early allowance, and awaiting the 
pleasure of your reply, I remain, Yours truly, 

Jan., 17, 1899. H. M. WHJJAMSON. 



Columbus, Ohio, June 23, 1905. 
Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
My dear Friend: — Your kind favor is duly received and in answer 
would say I have not been doing anything in the patent business for 
a long time, but if I had something good to handle, I could make 
good use of it, as I have gone out of manufacturing business, and I 
have not much business on hand. I am getting old. If you will send 
me some of your business cards I will try and do you some good. I 
can frankly recommend you to my friends. Yours truly, 

JOHN SHORT. 

6 



82 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 

Conneaut, Ohio, Oct. 27, 1903. 
Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Your letter containing notice of patent allowance No. 
173,451 received. Enclosed you will find New York draft payable to 
your order for the final fee, Twenty Dollars. 

I am pleased that we have encountered no difficulty in securing this 
patent and with the dispatch with which it has been granted. 

I wish to thank you for the interest you have taken in the matter 
and also for your encouraging letter of the 23d inst. 

Shall be glad to see that you have a supply of penholders as soon 
as some are manufactured, and if I decide to take out foreign patents 
I will be glad to have you look after my interests. 

Respectfully, C. M. COOK. 



Hawkinsville, Ga., Nov. 30, '09. 
W. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Hear I am again. This is with good news. I have placed my planter 
in the hands of a responsible party on a royalty. You remember I 
spoke of my certified copy being defaced. I want another in case I 
should need it, so please send, with the cost of one; also information 
about a caveat. I have something I want to work up and I am obliged 
to get help on, and I want protection while I work. 

I shook hands with the President over my Planter at the Georgia 
State Fair in Macon. Yours respectfully, 

SARAH F. DYKES. 



Louis G. Groh, 
Expert Accountant. 

Philadelphia, 8/3/07. 

Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Through the courtesy of Wm. Boekel & Co. haying 
rec'd your name, would inquire whether a Patent could be obtained 
on a feed box, sketch of which I endeavored to show on back of this. 
Awaiting your reply, I am, Respectfully yours, 

LOUIS G. GROH, 
73 Collom St., Germantown, Phila. 



SALEM WlLLARD R. HAIGHT, BEREA 

riverside Baptist Pastor, RAMOrTH-GiLEAD 

Elizabeth City, N. C, May 3/12. 
Mr. W. H. Babcock, 
Washington, D. C. 
My dear Mr. Babcock: — I have a friend who has invented a device 
and desires to patent same. Won't you please let me know by return 
mail what your terms are for a preliminary examination and the 
pressing of a patent before the Commissioner of Patents? 

With best wishes, iours sincerely. atpttT 



-o- 



Houston, Texas, 6/10, 1910. 

Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 
Washington. 
Dear Sir: — You have been referred to me by Attorneys Walters, 
Lane & Storey as a Patent Attorney of Washington. 

I have an invention that I would like to secure a patent on. Kindly 
write me at once and give me all possible information as to how to 
secure the patent. Yours ttuly, ^ mlC nS, 

612 La Bronch, Houston, Texas. 



BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 83 

Mr. Wm, H. Babcock, Maiden, Mass., June 7th, 1910. 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Mr. Babcock: — The papers received all right. I had signed 
the papers, but I had to wait for the seal, and the delay gave me a 
chance to remove the application papers. You will notice they were 
signed the 28th, but I don't think that will make any difference as the 
seal was not stuck on. 

I consider this first class this time; everything pleases me. 

Yours for this morning, WILLIS MITCHELL. 



Lancaster Infirmary of Osteopathy, 
Dr. John D. Burkholder, 
511-513 Woolworth Bldg. 

Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 9th, 1909. 
Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir:— I find it will be * * * 

1 am glad that my influence has put you in touch with several parties 
that are putting business in your hands. Dr. Sherwood was asso- 
ciated with me in office for some time; I often commented on your 
fighting ability, in his presence. 
I am, very sincerely yours, 

JOHN D. BURKHOLDER, D. O. 



Dr. Warren A. Sherwood, 
No. 142 North Duke St. 

Lancaster, Pa., Aug. 8, 1913. 
Wm. H. Babcock & Son, 

Washington, D. C. 
Gentlemen: — I have yours of the 7th. I have not forgotten you, 
neither have I forgotten your ability as patent solicitors, and I beg to 
state that in the near future I shall visit you in Washington, relative 
to a patent matter. I shall want a preliminary search made for a 
careful preparation of claims, and I know of no one that will suit me 
quite so well as yourselves. Very truly yours, 

WARREN A. SHERWOOD. 



Gorham, Feb. 27th, '12. 
My dear Friend Babcock: 

I would like to know if you are in the land of the living and if 
you are now in the patent business. I am working on new ideas, and 
have been for some time; have several. I shall get a preliminary 
examination on one to start with, as soon as I hear from you. 
Hope this will find you well and happy, 
I am, sincerely yours, 

J. T. HASKINS, 

Gorham, Maine. 



Charles H. Eldon, 

Taxidermist, 

331 West Fourth Street, Williamsport, Pa. 

Bell Telephone 744-B — Postoffice Box 435. 

October 12, 1910. 
Mr. William H. Babcock, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: — Your letter of the 10th at hand and contents noted. At 
the present time I am not making any patents. I recommended you to a 
number of people and possibly they may have business with you. 

Respectfully yours, CHARLES H. ELDON. 



84 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 



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